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Introductory Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 8 Cephalosporins

Standard Health Care: Nursing Program. Introductory Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 8 Cephalosporins. Introduction. Effective in the treatment of all strains of bacteria affected by penicillins and some strains resistant to penicillins

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Introductory Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 8 Cephalosporins

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  1. Standard Health Care: Nursing Program Introductory Clinical PharmacologyChapter 8Cephalosporins

  2. Introduction • Effective in the treatment of all strains of bacteria affected by penicillins and some strains resistant to penicillins • Classification: Divided into first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation drugs • Uses: Treat urinary tract infections; skin infections; hospital-acquired pneumonias

  3. Examples of Cephalosporins • Keflex / cephalexin • Ancef / cefazolin • Ceclor / cefaclor • Rocephin / ceftriaxone

  4. Cephalosporins: Actions • Exert bactericidal effect • Targets the bacterial cell wall, making it defective and unstable

  5. Cephalosporins: Uses • Used to treat infections caused by bacteria • Respiratory • Ear • Bone/joint • Genitourinary tract infections • Culture and sensitivity tests: Help determine best antibiotic to control an infection • Used throughout perioperative period

  6. Cephalosporins: Adverse Reactions • Gastrointestinal reactions • Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea • Administration routereactions • Intramuscularly; intravenously • Pain at site of injection/infusion

  7. Cephalosporins: Adverse Reactions (cont’d) • Other body system reactions • Headache; dizziness; malaise; heartburn; fever; nephrotoxicity; hypersensitivity; aplastic anemia; toxic epidermal necrolysis • Nursing alert • Allergy: Approximately 10% of people allergic to penicillin are also allergic to cephalosporins

  8. Cephalosporins: Contraindications and Precautions • Contraindicated in patients allergic to cephalosporins or penicillins • Used cautiously in patients with: • Renal disease; hepatic impairment; pregnancy (Category B); known penicillin allergy

  9. Cephalosporins: Interactions

  10. Nursing Process: Assessment • Preadministration assessment • Obtain general health history before first dose • Check for need of cultures and sensitivity tests

  11. Nursing Process: Assessment (cont’d) • Ongoing assessment • Evaluate response to therapy • If infection worsens, notify primary health care provider • Check for signs and symptoms of infection

  12. Nursing Process: Implementation • Educating the patient and family • Review dosage regimen with the patient and family • Advise to complete full therapy and adhere to timing • Explain to shake oral suspensions and keep refrigerated • Advise to avoid alcohol and take with food if GI upset

  13. Nursing Process: Evaluation • Therapeutic effect achieved • Urine output at least 500 mL daily; diarrhea not experienced • Patient and family demonstrate understanding of drug regimen • Patient verbalizes importance of compliance with prescribed therapeutic regimen • Skin is free of inflammation, irritation, or ulcerations

  14. End of Presentation

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