Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech Reviewing the parts of speech

2. Nouns • A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. • Raindropson rosesand whiskerson kittensBright copper kettlesand warm woolen mittensBrown paper packagestied up with stringsThese are a few of my favorite things • Cream colored ponies and crisp apple streudelsDoorbells and sleigh bells and schnitzel with noodlesWild geese that fly with the moon on their wingsThese are a few of my favorite nouns

3. Nouns continued • A proper noun, which names a specific person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish, Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost always capitalized. A proper noun used as an addressed person's name is called a noun of address.

4. Verbs • Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence. I am a student. The students passed all their courses. First, some verbs require an object to complete their meaning: "She gave _____ ?" Gave what? She gave money to the church. These verbs are called transitive. Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed."

5. Verbs continued • A linking verb connects a subject and its complement. Sometimes called copulas, linking verbs are often forms of the verb to be, but are sometimes verbs related to the five senses (look, sound, smell, feel, taste) and sometimes verbs that somehow reflect a state of being (appear, seem, become, grow, turn, prove, remain). What follows the linking verb will be either a noun complement or an adjective complement: • Those people are all professors. • Those professors are brilliant. • This room smells bad. • I feel great. • A victory today seems unlikely.

6. Adjectives – the descriptors • Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. • The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives. • Examples • the tall professor • the lugubrious lieutenant • a solid commitment • a month's pay • a six-year-old child • the unhappiest, richest man

7. Adverbs – the modifiers • Adverbs are words that modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb • An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". • a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?) • an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?) • another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

8. Pronoun • A word that replaces a noun • I, he, she, we, you, us, etc… • If a noun and a pronoun are used together, the noun comes first: “Tim and I are eating.”

9. More Pronouns • Demonstrative Pronouns • As pronouns, they identify or point to nouns. • That is incredible! (referring to something you just saw) • I will never forget this. (referring to a recent experience) • Such is my belief. (referring to an explanation just made) Relative Pronouns The relative pronouns (who/whoever/which/that) relate groups of words to nouns or other pronouns • The coach will select whomever he pleases. • He seemed to say whatever came to mind. • Whoever crosses this line first will win the race.

10. Last thing on pronouns. I promise. • Reflexive Pronouns! • The reflexive pronouns indicate that the sentence subject also receives the action of the verb. • When pronouns are combined, the reflexive will take either the first person • Juanita, Carlos, and I have deceived ourselves into believing in my uncle. • or, when there is no first person, the second person: • You and Carlos have deceived yourselves.