The Central Nervous System (C.N.S)

1. The Central Nervous System(C.N.S) MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE 3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

2. The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

3. The brain

4. The brain The spinal cord Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13

5. The main parts of the CNS (left side facing) cerebrum Spinal cord cerebellum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

6. The main parts of the CNS (right side facing) cerebrum spinal cord cerebellum Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

7. Cerebrum features • outermost layer contains the cerebral cortex (grey matter) • middle layer contains the white matter • innermost layer contains grey matter called the basal ganglia

8. Cerebrum cerebral cortex thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus mid-brain cerebellum pons varolii spinal cord medulla oblongata Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

9. The cerebral cortex Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

10. Functional areas of the cerebral cortex Primary sensory area Primary motor area Speech Primary visual area Visual association area Motor area for speech Primary auditory area Auditory association area Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

11. The functional areas of the cerebral cortex • thinking • reasoning • learning • memory • intelligence • sense of responsibility • perception of the senses • initiation and control of voluntary muscle contraction

12. Cerebral cortex cerebral cortex thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus mid-brain cerebellum pons varolii spinal cord medulla oblongata Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

13. The functional areas of the cerebrum • sensory areas interpret impulses from receptors. • motor areas control muscular movements. • association areas are involved with intellectual and emotional processes.

14. Cerebrum cerebral cortex thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus mid-brain cerebellum pons varolii spinal cord medulla oblongata Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

15. The hypothalamus regulates: • heart rate • body temperature • movement of food through the alimentary canal • food and water intake • patterns of waking and sleeping • contraction of the urinary bladder • sexual cycles • sensory information from internal organs • associated with fear and anger • the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

16. Hypothalamus cerebral cortex thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus mid-brain cerebellum pons varolii spinal cord medulla oblongata Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

17. The medulla oblongata regulates: • heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre • breathing rhythm through its respiratory centre • the diameter of blood vessels through its vasomotor centre

18. Medulla oblongata cerebral cortex thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus mid-brain cerebellum pons Varolii spinal cord medulla oblongata Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15

19. The spinal cord

20. The action of the spinal cord Sensory neurons pick up signals from the skin and transfer that information to connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or brain. This information is relayed on to the motor neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a response.

21. connector neuron sensory neuron motor neuron Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268

22. connector neuron sensory neuron motor neuron Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268