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Renaissance (1400-1650). Mr. Cummings World History. The Basics. "Rebirth" of classical ideas, transition from Middle Ages to Modern Greek/Roman ideas revived by Italians Italy’s location fosters explosion of trade, wealth & freedom to evolve w/o religion
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Renaissance (1400-1650) Mr. Cummings World History
The Basics • "Rebirth" of classical ideas, transition from Middle Ages to Modern • Greek/Roman ideas revived by Italians • Italy’s location fosters explosion of trade, wealth & freedom to evolve w/o religion • Plague & War bring end to Feudalism • Spreads to England, France, Germany, etc.
Key Factors • New importance to individual expression, self-consciousness & worldly experience • Renaissance Man = master of all things • Scholars, poets, craftsmen & artists were supported by patrons (One that supports, protects, or champions someone or something), not just church
Middle Ages vs. the Renaissance • Suffer for Church ----------------- Humanism • Feudalism--------------------- Nation-State • Church support ------------ Worldly Support • Europe is World ------------ World beyond Europe • Rule by Divine Right ----- human strengths
Humanism • Focus on classical ideals • Realistic view of nature and man instead of lofty attempts at perfection • Human values & capabilities stressed • Promoted balance between church/intellect
Humanism Affects Renaissance • Architecture -- Use of classical forms (arches, vaults, domes) • Painting -- New use of perspective and color (“linear perspective”) • Philosophy – Humanism - people have the power to be what they choose • Writing -- Writers question world around them - stories reflect realism over church
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) • Political life a passion to him- not just a job or position but a driving force within him • Banished from Italy by Medici family b/c of extreme opinions • Wrote The Prince (1500’s) to convey his obsession with power/politics • Written as instruction book for rulers- advice letter to prince
Thomas Moore(1478-1535) • Greatest of 16th century intellectuals • Broke mold of debate over the good of man • Wrote Utopia in 1516 • Private property caused corruption & war • Society's institutions are flawed not Man • Utopian island described as the ideal socialistic society
Giotto's Arena Chapel (1307) YO, what’s on all of these walls?
Michelangelo’s Ceiling (1508-12) • Small chapel home to greatest Renaissance paintings • Sistine Chapel • Series depicts history of mankind before Christ • Visit the site!
Math and Science • Math: use of letters in algebraic equations • Astronomy: ethnocentrism – earth revolves around Sun, not other way around! • Anatomy: human brain dissected for 1st time in 1315
Johannes Gutenberg(1394-1468) • Inventor of the movable type printing press • Idea borrowed from Chinese press (1288) • Gutenberg Bible first book printed • Made knowledge accessible to all, ending domination of the elites • Most influential invention of millennium • What modern invention(s) aid our country?