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Warm-Up

Warm-Up. You are a “meep” made of one cell and two strands of DNA, one from mom and one from dad. Explain how you, the little meep, acquires more DNA inside of all of your cells. Its all in the DNA. Cornell page 49 and copy what is in red. DNA Function (What does it do?).

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Warm-Up

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  1. Warm-Up • You are a “meep” made of one cell and two strands of DNA, one from mom and one from dad. Explain how you, the little meep, acquires more DNA inside of all of your cells.

  2. Its all in the DNA Cornell page 49 and copy what is inred.

  3. DNA Function (What does it do?) • DNA is the genetic • information passed down • from parent to offspring • that makes an organism • what it is • Found in everyone of an • organisms cells Yes, every living organism has DNA! And its all made of the same stuff!

  4. DNA Structure • DNA made of • two phosphate • backbones • connected by • base pairs • Strands are • antiparallel (One • goes from 5’ to 3’ • and the other • goes from 3’ to 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ 5’

  5. DNA Structure • DNA exists in the shape of a doublehelix (spiral staircase or ladder) • Connected by the base pairs Adenine and Thymine and Guanine and Cytosine Yes, draw the DNA double helix!

  6. DNA Structure Complimentary Base Pairing Rules • Adenine pairs with • Thymine (A – T) • Guanine pairs with • Cytosine (G – C) FACT: The DNA in your cells is some 3 billion base pairs long Compare that to the DNA you made yesterday

  7. Taking a closer look at DNA Each DNA molecule (nucleotide) is made up of a phosphate group, Sugar group and a base phosphate Draw base sugar

  8. RNA

  9. RNA Differs from DNA 1. RNA has a sugar ribose DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA contains the base uracil (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3. RNA molecule is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded

  10. Structure of RNA

  11. Three Types of RNA . • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information to the ribosomes • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes • Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

  12. Warm-Up • What 2 molecules make up the sides of the DNA molecule? • DNA is the instructions for building what molecule in our cells?

  13. DNA ReplicationHow we make more of it. Remember: Since everyone of our cells needs a copy of DNA, every time a cell undergoes mitosis, DNA needs to get copied for the new cell. Plant Cell or Mitosis DNA is copied Animal Cell Parent cell splits into to daughter cells

  14. 3’ 5’ C T A T G A A G T C DNA Replication • DNA • Polymerase reads DNA from 3’ to 5’ • DNA Helicase • unwinds DNA double helix 3. DNA polymerase adds complimentary base pairs to each strand G Old Strand 3’ A T New Strand A DNA Polymerase C DNA Helicase 5’ New Strand T DNA Polymerase C T A T G T G A T A C T T C A G 3’ 5’ Old Strand

  15. DNA Replication • Review: • DNA helicase unzips the double helix • DNA • polymerase adds complimentary base pairs to split up strands from 5’ to 3’

  16. 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ C C T T A A T T G G A A A A G G T T C C Both new DNAs are identical and made of one of the original DNA strands and a new strand that the DNA polymerase made. This is called semi-conservative. Old Strand G A T A C T T C A G 3’ 5’ New Strand New Strand G A T A C T T C A G 3’ Old Strand 5’

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