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Development of the Skull

Development of the Skull.

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Development of the Skull

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  1. Development of the Skull The skull consists of a neurocranium that forms a protective case, which surrounds the brain and special sensory organs (optic, auditory, and olfactory), and a viscerocranium (facial skeleton, or splanchnocranium) that forms the ear ossicles, hyoid bone, laryngeal and tracheal cartilages, and certain processes of the skull.

  2. Types of Skull bones: • Neurocranium: Neural crest cells surround the neural tube form the sclerotome ; the origin of both cartilage and bones. • Cartilaginous Neurocranium (Chondrocranium): Consists of a basal plate, trabecular region, and cartilaginous sensory capsules that surround the organs of special sense (acoustic and vestibular, olfactory, and possibly optic). • Membranous Neurocranium (Dermatocranium):Form the large flat bones that cover the brain and facial region, including the frontals, parietals, part of the occipital, and the squamous temporal bones. • Viscerocranium:Develops from the pharyngeal (branchial) arches that are apparent in the neck region during the fourth week of development.

  3. Modes of Ossification: • Membranous ossification. • Endochondral ossification.

  4. Endochondral ossification The mesodermal Cells transform Into procartilage, then cartilage, Breakdown of Cartilage cells and Formation of Osteogenic tissue.

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