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Environmental Education

Environmental Education. Biodiversity. Contents. What is “biodiversity”? Importance of high biodiversity How to manage/maintain biodiversity? Wildlife in Hong Kong Conservation of biodiversity in Hong Kong. What is biodiversity? [1]. Biodiversity - Definition:

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Environmental Education

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  1. Environmental Education Biodiversity

  2. Contents • What is “biodiversity”? • Importance of high biodiversity • How to manage/maintain biodiversity? • Wildlife in Hong Kong • Conservation of biodiversity in Hong Kong

  3. What is biodiversity? [1] • Biodiversity - Definition: • The variety of life in all its forms, levels and combinations. Includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity • (IUCN, UNEP and WWF, 1991).

  4. What is biodiversity? [2] • 4 sub-types: • Genetic diversity: • Species diversity: • Ecosystem diversity: • Taxonomic diversity:

  5. What is biodiversity? [3] • The term, Biodiversity • Presented in National Forum on Biodiversity in 1986 at Washington, DC. • A contraction of the term "biological diversity” • In 1992, the first international Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over 100 heads of states convened the meeting to address urgent need for environmental protection and socio-economic development and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was signed.

  6. What is biodiversity? [4] • Convention of Biological Diversity • Objectives: • “The conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources” • The first global, comprehensive agreement to address all aspects of biological diversity: genetic resources, species, and ecosystems. • Approach: • Conservation, with the concern for development as well, is promoted • Conservation is also based on considerations of equity and shared responsibility.

  7. Importance of high biodiversity • Maintains stability of ecosystem • Provides food and medicine • Aesthetics and education benefits

  8. How to manage/maintain biodiversity? [1] • Biodiversity conservation • To protect threatened species or ecosystems to avoid species extinction • Conservation methods applied to threatened species or habitats

  9. How to manage/maintain biodiversity? [2] • In situ Conservation • Construction of Natural Reserves • Motivations of Reserve Construction • Factors that are considered in constructing reserves

  10. How to manage/maintain biodiversity? [3] • Ex situ Conservation • Captive Breeding • Artificial Breeding • Fostering • Gene Preservation • Reintroduction

  11. Wildlife in Hong Kong [1] • Vegetations of Hong Kong [1] • Presence of man in Hong Kong 6000 years ago. • Most areas were covered with subtropical rainforest. • Southeast Asia tropical forest fauna were found • Possibly included: • tigers, elephants, leopards, gibbons, rhinoceroses, hornbills, etc. • By 1841, all rainforest in the territory had virtually gone, with reasons still unknown. • The only forests left: • "Fung Shui Woods" near villages and small forest on hills.

  12. Wildlife in Hong Kong [2] • Vegetations of Hong Kong [2] • Large-scale reforestation from 1841 • Most forests were destroyed during the Japanese occupation. • Early active reforestation was mostly done with exotic species. • The reduction of hill fire frequency • expansion of shrub land • Decline of agriculture and depopulation of rural areas • created new habitats in abandoned paddy fields • reduced hunting pressure on wild mammals and birds • Urbanization and pollution • destroyed rivers, ponds and the nearby habitats.

  13. Wildlife in Hong Kong [3] • Flora and Fauna in Hong Kong [1] • Terrestrial mammals: • monkeys, bats, wild pigs, civet cats, • leopard cats, ferret badger, barking deer, • squirrels, Chinese porcupines, • Chinese pangolins and mongooses

  14. Wildlife in Hong Kong [4] • Flora and Fauna in Hong Kong [2] • Amphibians and reptiles: • over 100 species of amphibians and reptiles • the only snake species protected by legislation - Burmese Python (non-venomous) • all turtles, terrapins and tortoises are protected under the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance • The Romer's Tree Frog, the Hong Kong Cascade Frog and the Hong Kong Newt are considered to be endemic to or have a very restricted range in Hong Kong.

  15. Wildlife in Hong Kong [5] • Flora and Fauna in Hong Kong [3] • Insects: • Hong Kong is rich in insect fauna • about 200 species of butterflies • over 100 species of dragonflies recorded in the territory • Birdwing Butterfly • very rare in Hong Kong • the only insect protected under the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance

  16. Wildlife in Hong Kong [6] • Flora and Fauna in Hong Kong [4] • Birds: • Over 450 species of birds recorded in Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site and other forest habitats • Most are wintering birds and staying in Hong Kong for a short period • Mai Po marshes and the mudflats in Deep Bay area • the most important habitat for birds in the territory • provide a rich supply of food and shelter for these migratory birds

  17. Protection of biodiversity in Hong Kong [1] • Programmes: • Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD): • Enriching our countryside with native flora • Conserving the rare and endangered flora • Conserving the rare and endangered fauna • World Wide Fund for Nature (HK) • Conservancy Association • Friends of the Earth • Green Power • Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden • Hong Kong Bird Watching Society

  18. Protection of biodiversity in Hong Kong [2] • Reserves in Hong Kong • Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve • Mai Po, Tsim Bei Tsui, Deep Bay - Ramsar Site • Marine Reserve and Marine Parks

  19. Protection of biodiversity in Hong Kong

  20. Protection of biodiversity in Hong Kong [3] • Sites of Special Scientific Interests (SSSI) • Tai Po Railway Station (egretry) • Fung Yuen Valley (special butterfly habitats) • Sha Lo Tung (odonate habitats) • Ting Kok (mangrove) • Luk Keng (freshwater marshes) • Sheung Wo Hang (Fung Shui Woods), etc.

  21. Protection of biodiversity in Hong Kong

  22. Discussion • Do you think that conserving biodiversity is important? • Have you ever been to any nature reserves or marine reserves? Share your experience with the class. • Do you think that cooperation between governments and green groups in conserving biodiversity is important? Why? • How can you help to conserve biodiversity? • “The issue of Long Valley is the argument between biodiversity & economic development.” Do you agree?

  23. Relevant websites • The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) (http://www.afcd.gov.hk/) • World Wide Fund For Nature Hong Kong (WWF Hong Kong) (http://www.wwf.org.hk/eng/index.html) • The Conservancy Association (http://www.conservancy.org.hk/) • WWF Global Network (http://www.panda.org/) • Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (http://www.kfbg.org.hk/) • An explanatory leaflet about the conservation on biodiversity (http://www.unep.ch/bio-leaf.html) • Index of biodiversity (definition) (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/BARPLANK/WWW/HTML/gc_help.html) • 生物多樣性的意義及重要性 (台灣師範大學 楊冠政) (http://www.lungteng.com/com.tw/Ltnews/natural/06/important.htm) • 維護生物多樣性與促進資源永續利用 (林曜松、趙榮台) (http://www.gcc.ntu.edu.tw/gcc/preserve/1998/paper2.htm)

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