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Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002

Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002. Vincent Delaunay. Project organisation. Produce a European map of sensitivity of ground and surface water to nitrate leaching using abiotic factors (soil, climate…)

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Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002

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  1. Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European levelELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy21-22 November 2002 Vincent Delaunay

  2. Project organisation • Produce a European map of sensitivity of ground and surface water to nitrate leaching using abiotic factors (soil, climate…) • Produce nitrogen load balances in three European countries: Denmark, France and the Netherlands

  3. Leaching sensitvity Europe Burns Netherlands Metamodel Surplus Organic nitrogen load Soil nitrogen balance Tree in ELPEN system Nitrogen

  4. Tree in ELPEN system Nitrogen Leaching sensitvity Europe Burns I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map Netherlands Metamodel Not presented Surplus Organic nitrogen load II. Nitrogen load: the Netherlands Soil nitrogen balance

  5. Project organisation I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 Example: the Netherlands 2. Burns results at the European level 3. Burns model limits II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands 1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA

  6. Project organisation I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 Example: the Netherlands 2. Burns results at the European level 3. Burns model limits II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands 1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA

  7. Volatilisation (NH3) Denitrification (N2, NO2) Atmosphere Nitrogen surplus Soil Water Mineralisation Run-Off Leaching I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map • Nitrogen surplus:

  8. Soil Texture, Available Water Capacity, Depth, % of C Land cover Effect of different types of land uses (grassland, arable land…) Climat Precipitations, Evapotranspiration I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map • Major abiotic factors implicated in the definition of a leaching risk value for one area (available at the European level). Map of vulnerability for nitrogen pollution of ground and surface water

  9. f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X This model permits to evaluate a leaching nitrate fraction on nitrate present in the soil, using soil and climate factor.

  10. f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity Vm: defined using texture triangle and known Vm values 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

  11. Percentage volumetric field capacity (Vm) – The Netherlands

  12. f: fraction of nitrate leached Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity X: If we assume nitrate is initially incorporate uniformly to ploughing depth (w=25 cm) X = h – ½ w h: rooting depth X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil. 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

  13. Rooting Depth – The Netherlands

  14. f: fraction of nitrate leached Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity • P: Precipitation • ETR: Evapotranspiration • ETR = ½ ETP • (bare soil in winter: Maxima Map) • ETR = ETP • (grassland: Minima Map) • Soil Available Water for Plants (SWAP) considered empty at the end of August Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data Ed = P – ETR 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

  15. Soil Water Available for Plants – The Netherlands

  16. Amount of water draining throuth the soil (Ed) – The Netherlands Maxima Minima The soil is satured with water available for the plants (SWAP)

  17. f: fraction of nitrate leached Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data Ed = P – ETR X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil. 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

  18. Sensibility Very strong Strong Medium Weak Maxima Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) – The Netherlands Minima

  19. Sensibility Very strong Strong Medium Weak 2. Burns results at the european level Minima Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) – Europe

  20. Sensibility Very strong Strong Medium Weak 2. Burns results at the european level Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) – Europe Maxima

  21. 3. Burns model limits • Do not apply Burns model when: • there is important denitrification (wet area, weak ground water depth) • there are slopes (moutains, hill) • there is important mineralisation (soil with high contens of organic matter) (need to be done)

  22. Important denitrification (wet area, weak ground water depth) - Europe

  23. Slopes (moutains, hill) - Europe

  24. Important denitrification and slopes - Europe

  25. I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map • Distinction of large sensitive areas • Extention to the European level • Extrapolation limits: Model validity • Validation by meseares

  26. Tree in ELPEN system Nitrogen Leaching sensitvity Europe Burns Netherlands Metamodel Surplus Organic nitrogen load Soil nitrogen balance

  27. Input Rooting depth SWAP Vm Ed (Edmax, Edmin) Result fmax fmin Limitation Burns Slope Denitrification Mineralisation (need to be done) Corrected fmax (not presented) Corrected fmin (not presented) Validation Burns Need to be done Tree in ELPEN system Burns

  28. Project organisation I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map 1. Application of Burns model, 1975 Example: the Netherlands 2. Burns results at the European level 3. Burns model limits II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands 1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA

  29. II. Nitrogen load 1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA • Evaluation of the organic presure at national level. • Used data: • Agricultural census at community level • Estimation of spread of nitrogen quantity produced per animal and per year: CoefA

  30. ONL: Organic Nitrogen Load OF: Organic fertilisation OF = CoefA x Number of animals 1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA • Calculated with national, then French coefficients ONL = OF / UAA

  31. Organic nitrogen load per ha - Dutch coefficients Organic nitrogen load per ha - French coefficients

  32. Organic nitrogen load per ha - West of France Organic nitrogen load per ha - French coefficients - Danemark

  33. 1.Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA • To show large livestock area • Livestock density comparison between the different European countries • Use estimation of spread nitrogen quantity and national agricultural census • Different estimation of spread nitrogen quantity per countries ? • Difference in type of area used per countries ? Discussion about the standard: 170 kg organic N par hectare (Nitrate Directive)

  34. Inputs: Organic Fertilisation (OF) Mineral Fertilisation (MF) Outputs: Harvested arable crops (HAC) Crops used for fodder (CF) COMMUNITY 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA Balance = ( OF + MF ) – ( HAC + CF ) • Global balance taking agricultural nitrogen at the canton « canton » level into account.

  35. OF = CoefA x Number of animals Organic Fertilisation Mineral Fertilisation • MF : Mineral Fertilisation • Regional fertilisers purchase desagregation at the community level 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA Balance = (OF + MF) – ( Outputs )

  36. HAC = Coef x Yield x Area Harvested arable crops Crops used for fodder • Crops used for fodder : • Grazing livestock demand estimation • Maize yield (and Alfalfa yield evalution) • Assessment of grazing grassland and grass for fodder yield 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)

  37. Organic Fertilisation Harvested arable crops Crops used for fodder Mineral Fertilisation 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA • Calculated with French coefficients Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)

  38. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA – French coefficients

  39. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA – West of France Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA – French coefficients - Danemark

  40. 2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA • Nitrogen balance comparable between different countries • Weak reliability of certain parameters: • Mineral fertilisation • Crops used for fodder Results largely depending on parameters choices

  41. Tree in ELPEN system Nitrogen Leaching sensitvity Europe Burns Netherlands Metamodel Surplus Organic nitrogen load Soil nitrogen balance

  42. Conclusion • Three risk indicators linked to the agricultural nitrogen: • Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) • Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA • Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA • Next work: • Indicators validation • Indicators relation (to know statiscal link between them) • Comparison with real nitrogen pollution (field)data

  43. Thank you for your attention

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