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Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Lecture 18:

Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Lecture 18:. The Late Classic: 300-900 AD. Political Geography of the Classical Period. Puebla-Tlaxcala Plateau Florescence begins in Late Preclassic (300 BC). 25 Planned civic-ceremonial centers Earliest examples of tablud-tablero architecture

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Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Lecture 18:

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  1. Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Lecture 18: The Late Classic: 300-900 AD

  2. Political Geography of the Classical Period

  3. Puebla-Tlaxcala Plateau • Florescence begins in Late Preclassic (300 BC). • 25 Planned civic-ceremonial centers • Earliest examples of tablud-tablero architecture • Cholula: Located on a high plain at 6,912 ft. beneath volcanos of Popocatépetl and Ixtacihuatl. • Settlement commences 1700 BC with two villages.

  4. Great Pyramid of Tipanipa – cover 45 acres/177 ft. high Construction commences 100 BC, called tlachiualtepetl in the Postclassic Historia Toteca-Chichimeca

  5. Cholula cont. : Enormous pyramid consists of nine levels. Excavated in 1968 by tunneling: Mural de los Bebedores

  6. Cholula “falls” 600 AD, thereafter becomes the principle capital of the Olmeca-Xicalanca. • In Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca Cholula is said to be governed by a pair of priests: the tlalchiyach and the aquiach. Various scholars (eg. William Ringle) have argued that in Postclassic times Cholula was considered to be a Tolan, where rulers came to gain legitimacy. This seems to be borne out by the Mixtec Codex Nuttall, which recounts how a leader 8 Deer goes to Cholula to get his nose pierced.

  7. Cacaxtla • Settlement founded in the Preclassic on a hilltop • Period of fluorescence: 650-900 AD • Said to be a capital of the Olmeca-Xicalanca

  8. From the Red Temple

  9. “Battle mural” shows battle between “Jaguar” and “Bird” warriors. May be relating a foundation myth involving capture of “Bird” queen, who became founder of a dynasty. • Nearby site of Xochitecatl has pyramid dedicated to a fertility goddess.

  10. Xochicalco, Morelos

  11. Founded CE 650 • So-far undeciphered hieroglyphs were found on the temple of the Feathered Serpent and on stelae. • In Ann Cypher’s opinion, pottery found on the site, Xochicalco Polished, seems related to pottery of the Olmeca-Xicallanca.

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