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Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias. The heart has four chambers- two atria and two ventricles. The walls of these chambers are made up of special heart muscle The chambers have to contract in the correct order for the heart to pump blood correctly with each heart beat. Sequence of Heartbeat.

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Arrhythmias

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  1. Arrhythmias The heart has four chambers- two atria and two ventricles

  2. The walls of these chambers are made up of special heart muscle • The chambers have to contract in the correct order for the heart to pump blood correctly with each heart beat

  3. Sequence of Heartbeat • The sinoatrial node (SA node) in the right atrium is a tiny built in timer. It fires of an electrical impulse at regular intervals • Around 60-80 minutes at rest and faster when exercising • This controls the heart rate • Each impulse spreads across both atria • This causes them to contract and pump blood through one way valves into the ventricles

  4. Sinus Tachycardia • This is a normal heartbeat which is faster than usual (more than 100 beats per minute) • This is normal when you exercise • It may occur if you are anaemic, have a fever, have an overactive thyroid gland or when you are frightened (when adrenaline is released into the bloodstream it can speed up the heart)

  5. Sinus Bradycardia • A normal heartbeat which is slower than 50-60 beats per minute (sometimes slower) • This may also occur if you have an under active thyroid gland

  6. Ectopic Beats • These are extra heart beats that occur ‘out of sync’ to the normal regular rate • Very common and usually harmless • Most people with normal heartbeats have at least one ectopic beat a day • You do not normally notice them • They may be noticed as a slight thud in the chest if you are lying still in bed

  7. Cont. • Caffeine may cause you to have more ectopic beats than usual • Some people with some types of heart disease have frequent ectopic beats

  8. Arrhythmias • An abnormal rate and/or rhythm of the heartbeat • There are various types and some are more serious then others • Some are intermittent and come and go • Others are permanent unless treated

  9. The Main Types Of Arrhythmia • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) • Atrial fibrillation • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular fibrillation • Heart block • Sick sinus

  10. Causes Of Arrhythmias • Ischaemic heart disease • Heart valve diseases • High blood pressure • Cardiomyopathy • Age related degeneration around the conducting fibres is one cause of complete heart block • Abnormalities in the electrical pathways present from birth • Heart defects • Inflammation

  11. Symptoms of Arrhythmias • Palpitations • An abnormal fast, slow or irregular pulse • Dizziness or feeling faint • Shortness of breath • Chest

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