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Reconstruction

1865-1877. Reconstruction. Why?. Congress enacted this plan for two reasons South needed rebuilt after the war Sherman’s March Needed a way for Confederate states to be allowed back in Union. Lincoln’s 10% Plan. Lenient

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Reconstruction

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  1. 1865-1877 Reconstruction

  2. Why? • Congress enacted this plan for two reasons • South needed rebuilt after the war • Sherman’s March • Needed a way for Confederate states to be allowed back in Union

  3. Lincoln’s 10% Plan • Lenient • Wanted to pardon Confederates if they would take an oath swearing allegiance to the Union • High- ranking officials were excluded • Once 10% of voting population had taken the oath, they would be readmitted and also regain their seats in Congress • Not enacted he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

  4. Wade-Davis Bill • Created by Radical Republicans • Very severe • Ironclad oath that they never supported Confederacy • Wanted slavery abolished

  5. Johnson’s Plan • Same as Lincoln’s except he wanted to ban all high-ranking officials AND wealthy plantation owners • Did not agree with Radical Republicans • Felt that Congress had gone beyond anything “contemplated by the authors of the Constitution” • Felt that white men alone must manage the South

  6. Congressional Reconstruction • Passed the 14th Amendment which stated that all people born in the United States were equal • Created the Freedmen’s Bureau Act • Gave Freedmen Rights • Schools for children • Distribution of Land • Provided protection in the courts • Created Civil Rights Act • Guaranteed citizen rights to everyone no matter what color, race or previous condition

  7. Problem with All Plans • Southerners did not always mean the oath • Many were rich, political figures that stated the oath to get back into Congress to repeal the Radical Republican’s legislations

  8. Johnson’s Impeachment • Johnson fired Secretary of War which was against the Constitution • Did the Radical Republicans have a legitimate reason or were they just looking for a way to get rid of Johnson? • Grant was elected to President and passed the 15th amendment which could keep no one from voting

  9. Reconstruction Begins • Conditions in South • Economically devastated • Low population • 400,000 died • Republicans started setting up public works programs to clean up • Troops sent to South to monitor

  10. Politics in South • Three types of Republicans in South • Scalawags – Southerners who were Republican • Small farmers • Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the war • African Americans • Created Controversy

  11. Former Slaves New Life • “We are not prepared for this suffrage. But we can learn. Give a man tools and let him commence to use them and in time he will earn a trade. So it is with voting. We may not understand it at the start but in time we shall learn to do our duty” ~~~ William Beverly Nash

  12. African American Successes • Hiram Revels • 1st African American US Senator • Voting Rights • Citizen Rights • Frederick Douglass • Supported rights for all citizens including Women, Native American and Blacks • Spent reconstruction era traveling around giving speeches about sufferage

  13. African American Hardships • Black Codes • Used before 14th and 15th amendments • Voided with their creation • Blocked African Americans from serving as jurors and testifying against white men • Forced them to sign a yearly work contract • Barred them from acquiring land

  14. Jim Crow Laws • Poll Tax • Grandfather Clause • Literacy Test • Sharecropping • Never ending cycle • Klu Klux Klan • Wanted to destroy Republican Party • Killed 20,000 men, women, children including whites • Many by lynching

  15. Southerners Gain Control • Congress passed the Amnesty Act that allowed 150,000 Confederates to vote • Were able to gain power from Republicans in Congress • Let Freedmen’s Bureau expire • Support for Reconstruction fades under Southern controled Congress

  16. End of Reconstruction • 1876 – Reconstruction officially ends • Presidential election 1876 • Samuel Tilden and Rutherford Hayes • Tilden is short one electoral vote • South agrees to vote in Hayes on one condition • Compromise of 1877 • If Hayes agrees to withdraw troops from South he will win

  17. Aftermath of Reconstruction • Plessy v. Ferguson • Paved the way for African Americans today • Separate but not so equal

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