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The Virginia Tech Neuropsychology Laboratory

This study explores the relationship between emotion, health, sex differences, and aging using a functional neural systems approach. It examines factors such as hostility, cardiovascular risk, lateralization, and cognitive processing. The research provides empirical evidence and replication studies to support the findings.

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The Virginia Tech Neuropsychology Laboratory

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  1. The Virginia TechNeuropsychology Laboratory A Functional Neural Systems Approach Emotion: Health Sex Differences & Aging Emotional Disorders

  2. HOSTILITY & HEALTH A Robust Literature On Hostility, Cardiovascular Lability, and Cardiovascular Risk

  3. SEX DIFFERENCES & HEALTHLATERALITY ISSUES? A Robust Literature On Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Lability, and Cardiovascular Risk

  4. AGING & HEALTHRIGHT HEMI-AGING? A Robust Literature On Cardiovascular Lability, and Cardiovascular Risk

  5. Right Brain Sympathetic Tone Sweating; >BP;>HR Glucose Mobilization Cholesterol Mobilization Left Brain Parasympathetic Quiescent State Digestion Absorption Cerebral Mediation of Emotion:& the Autonomic Nervous System

  6. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY & EMOTION THEORY • RIGHT HEMISPHERE MODEL • HEILMAN (1982) • RIGHT CEREBRUM: • Primary Role in Emotion & Arousal • POSTERIOR = “Sensory Reception or Attention” • ANTERIOR = “Motor Expression or Intention”

  7. VALENCE MODEL • TUCKER & WILLIAMSON (1984) • DAVIDSON (1993) • “Balance Model” or “Valence Model” • Relative Right Frontal Activation • NEGATIVE AFFECT • Relative Left Frontal Activation • POSITIVE AFFECT

  8. BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION MODEL (BIS/BAS) • GRAY • A NONHUMAN ANIMAL MODEL • BAS & LEFT FRONTAL ACTIVATION • POSITIVE AFFECT • APPROACH • BIS & RIGHT FRONTAL ACTIVATION • NEGATIVE AFFECT • FEAR OR ANXIETY

  9. DOMINANCE-SUBMISSION MODEL • DEMAREE, EVERHART, YOUNGSTROM, & HARRISON (2004) • LEFT FRONTAL ACTIVATION: • DOMINANCE • RIGHT FRONTAL ACTIVATION: • SUBMISSION

  10. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS • LESS CONTROVERSY: • Right Brain & Negative Emotion • MORE CONTROVERSY: • Asymmetry For Positive Emotion • Except for Heilman • Models Ignore Sensory or Posterior Brain

  11. DYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL NEURAL SYSTEMS THEORY • SENSORY ANALYSIS = • POSTERIOR BRAIN • SENSORY PROJECTION AREAS • INHIBITORY REGULATION & MOTOR EXPRESSION • THE FRONTAL LOBES • INHIBITORY REGULATION • INTENTION • MOTOR PROJECTION AREAS

  12. Our Functional Systems Approach:Systematic Research & Replication

  13. Functional Systems ApproachVision

  14. VISION • FACIAL AFFECT, T-SCOPE, RT • N = 52 (26 Men; 26 Women) • Harrison, Gorelczenko, & Cook, 1990 • Left VF Advantage • Asymmetry in Men Differs From Women

  15. Ventral View of the Visual Projections

  16. Ekman’s Emotional Faces

  17. Reaction Time(log 10)By Visual Field Harrison & Gorel, 1990

  18. Replication • Harrison & Gorelczenko (1990) • Crews & Harrison (1994) • RT Faster at Left VF • SYMMETRY for positive faces • ASYMMETRY In Men Not = Women • Herridge, Harrison, Shenal, Mollet (2003) • ACCURACY Increased at Left VF

  19. Reaction Time (secs) By Visual Field VISUAL FIELD Crews & Harrison, 1994

  20. Reaction Time (LOG10) By Visual Field VISUAL FIELD Harrison & Gorel, 1990 (men & women)

  21. Reaction Time (LOG10) By Visual Field Harrison & Gorel, 1990 (men & women)

  22. Accuracy (# Correct) By Visual Field Herridge, Harrison, Shenal, Mollet, 2004

  23. The Right Hemi-Aging Hypothesis • McDowell, Harrison, Demaree, 1994 • 10 Faces Depicting 5 Affective Valences • 50 Item Photo Album (Ekman’s Faces) • Elderly & Younger Men & Women (N=60) • Results: • Accuracy of Happy Affect Faces = No Difference • Elderly Impaired on Accuracy of Each Negative Affect Valence (Sad, Angry, & Fearful)

  24. Correct Responses By Age and Affect CategoryMcDowell, Harrison, Demaree, 1994 MEAN # CORRECT AFFECTIVE VALENCE

  25. Billings, Harrison, & Alden, 1993 • Reduced Left Visual Field Bias Among Elderly Women • Neutral Faces

  26. Reported Affect (Bias) For Neutral Faces by Visual FieldBillings, Harrison, & Alden, 1993 REPORTED AFFECT

  27. Visual Hallucinations: A Clinical Study • Walters, Harrison, Foster, Williamson, 2004 • Retrospective Review of Archival Data • 200 Patients on Rehabilitation Unit at a • Tertiary Care Medical Center • 30 Identified With Visual Formaesthesias • 16 Men & 14 Women

  28. Visual Formaesthesias: Affective Valence by Visual Field PERCENT VISUAL FIELD Walter,Harrison,Foster,Williamson,2004

  29. “Eye Drillers”, look a hole through you, no noises, they don’t like you, wear black religious clothing “Hee Haw Boys” too happy, talk too much, colorful Hawaiian shirts Multimodal Paraesthesia Thalamic Syndrome Right Visual Field Left Visual Field Mollet, Walters, & Harrison, 2004

  30. HOSTILITY & VISION • Harrison & Gorelczenko, 1990 (243 Ss=13) • High Hostile Men; Low Hostile Men • High Hostile Women; Low Hostile Women • NO STRESS CHALLENGE! • HOSTILE = NEGATIVE BIAS AT LVF

  31. NEGATIVE AFFECT BIASNEUTRAL FACES IDENTIFIED AS “ANGRY” Harrison & Gorel, 1990

  32. EMOTIONAL FACE RECOGNITION • Herridge, Harrison, Mollet, & Shenal, 2004 • High Hostile Men; Low Hostile Men • HOSTILE = Less Accurate at LVF • COLD PRESSOR: Affects Accuracy • LOW HOSTILE:Less Accurate Post CP

  33. EMOTIONAL FACE RECOGNITION # C O R R E C T Herridge, Harrison, Mollet,&Shenal, 2004

  34. Emotional Face Recognition Pre & Post Cold Pressor # C O R R E C T Herridge, Harrison, Mollet,&Shenal,2004

  35. Functional Systems ApproachAudition

  36. AUDITION • DICHOTIC WORDS • Snyder, Harrison, & Gorman, 1996 • N=45 men • tower, dower, power, bower • neutral, angry, happy, sad • REA WORDS > REA AFFECT • LEA AFFECT > LEA WORDS

  37. Total Correct By Ear #CORRECT EAR Snyder,Harrison,Gorman,1996

  38. Replication • LEA EMOTIONAL SOUNDS • Emerson, Everhart, Williamson & Harrison, 1999 (children) • REA WORD SOUNDS • Emerson, Everhart, Williamson & Harrison, 1999 (children) • Alden, Harrison,Snyder,&Everhart, 1997 (elderly) • Demaree & Harrison, 1997 (adults) • Hagopian & Harrison, unpublished (children)

  39. Percent Correct By Ear % CORRECT EAR Emerson, Everhart, Williamson & Harrison, 1999

  40. Ear Advantage For Emotional Valence Dichotic Listening % CORRECT VALENCE Emerson,Everhart,Williamson & Harrison, 1999

  41. Asymmetry in Men Differs From Women • Higgins & Harrison, unpublished

  42. Sex DifferencesLaterality For Speech Sounds POC SCORE Higgins & Harrison, unpublished

  43. Sex Differences In Frontal Lobe LateralityFocused Listening to Left or Right Ear S Y S T O L I C B P SIDE OF FOCUS

  44. The Right Hemi-Aging Hypothesis • Alden, Harrison, Snyder, & Everhart, 1997 • Age Differences in Intention to Right & to Left Hemispace • Dichotic Listening • Elderly & Younger Women (N=54) • Results: • Right Ear Advantage for CV Sounds • No Difference • Elderly Impaired • on Directing Intention to the Left Ear

  45. CVs Identified at the Left and Right Ear by Age & FocusAlden, Harrison, Snyder, & Everhart, 1997 TOTAL DETECTED FOCUS

  46. HOSTILITY & AUDITION • COLD PRESSOR STRESS • DICHOTIC LISTENING • CARDIOVASCULAR MEASURES • Demaree & Harrison, 1997b

  47. High Hostile vs. Low Hostile • HIGH HOSTILE: Cardiac Reactivity (HR) • Enhanced LEA • RIGHT Cerebral Activation to Stress • LOW HOSTILE: Cardiac Stability (HR) • Enhanced REA • LEFT Cerebral Activation to Stress

  48. Heart Rate Pre & Post Stress Conditions H E A R T R A T E Demaree & Harrison, 1997B

  49. Number of Left Ear StimuliBy Stress Condition # I D E N T I F I E D Demaree & Harrison, 1997B

  50. Functional Systems ApproachVestibular

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