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Chapter 6: The Phoenicians & Hebrews. 1200 B.C. – 510 B.C. Section 1: Phoenicians. Came from small land that connected Mesopotamia & Egypt Known as Canaanites Phoenician – means purple merchants Came from Northern Canaan Most information we know comes from the Bible. Growth of Trade.
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Chapter 6: The Phoenicians & Hebrews 1200 B.C. – 510 B.C.
Section 1: Phoenicians • Came from small land that connected Mesopotamia & Egypt • Known as Canaanites • Phoenician – means purple merchants • Came from Northern Canaan • Most information we know comes from the Bible
Growth of Trade Effects • Control of Med. Trade • Traveling workshops • Plotted courses by sun & stars • Exploration of new land • Spread of culture • Use of treaties to keep peace Causes Rise of Phoenician Trade • Location along sea • Scarcity of land to grow food • Cedar forests to build ships
Cities of Phoenicia • Each city was its own city-state b/c of isolation from mountains • Money from trade caused jealousy among • Largest cities: Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, Sidon
Led by Kings & Councils • Skilled as carpenters, cabinetmakers, and metal workers • Port = center of activity • Important cloth-dying centers
Gods & Goddesses • Believed in many nature gods • Built temples • Holy of holies – sacred chamber where image or stone was kept • Believed in life after death • Buried their dead in clay urns • Embalmed & wrapped the body
Carthage – 814 BC • Colonies (permanent settlements) turned into trading cities along Northern Africa • Most famous: Carthage • Dido from Tyre said to have built city
Phoenician Alphabet • Use of PicturesHieroglyphicsCanaan WritingAlphabet • 22 Symbols or letters but no vowels • Reader would know what vowel sound to put in • Read from right to left • Used to keep records of trading • Brought to Europe where Greeks & Romans changed it.
