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Blood

Blood. Function. Transport dissolved materials Regulates pH & electrolyte balance in interstitial fluid Restriction of blood loss Stabilizes body temperature Defense against pathogens. Components of Blood. When settled, blood separates into 3 layers Top liquid layer = plasma

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Blood

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  1. Blood

  2. Function • Transport dissolved materials • Regulates pH & electrolyte balance in interstitial fluid • Restriction of blood loss • Stabilizes body temperature • Defense against pathogens

  3. Components of Blood • When settled, blood separates into 3 layers • Top liquid layer = plasma • Middle layer = “buffy coat” = white blood cells & platelets • Bottom solid layer = red blood cells • Hematocrit is the % that is cells • 45% is average

  4. Origin of Cells • Hematopoietic stem cells in red bone marrow • RBCs • WBC • Thrombopoietin stimulates proliferation of megakaryocytes • Break apart into platelets

  5. Platelets • Aka Thrombocytes • Hemostasis = stoppage of bleeding • Smooth muscle contracts lessening loss • Platelets adhere to rough edges of injury = platelet plug • Grab to each other • Release serotonin which causes more contraction

  6. Hemostasis • Coagulation = blood clot formation • Extrinsic • Blood exposed to broken vessels • Intrinsic • Blood exposed to foreign substance • Either triggers a chain of reactions leading to formation of fibrin • insoluble protein threads

  7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d7J7g6JQWA

  8. Bruise comes from collected blood lost, but hemostasis prevents further loss • Material eventually removed by phagocytes

  9. Red Blood Cells • Aka Erythrocytes • 1/3 hemoglobin, rest is water, electrolytes, & enzymes • Concave shape increases surface area & provides more access to hemoglobin • Transport gases

  10. White Blood Cells • Aka leukocytes • Protect against disease • Can exit vessels via diapedesis and move on their own (amoeboid motion) • 5 types; 2 categories • Granulocytes: granular cytoplasm • Agranulocytes: no granules is cytoplasm

  11. Neutrophils • Fine, light-purple granules • Lobed nucleus (2-5 sections) • First to arrive at infection site • Phagocytize bacteria, fungi, & some viruses

  12. Eosinophil • Coarse, uniform, deep-red granules • Bi-lobed nucleus • Moderate allergic reactions & defend against parasites

  13. Basophils • Similar to eosinophils but with irregular, blue granules (often obscure nucleus) • Release histamine & heparin • Inflammation & clot inhibition to promote blood flow

  14. Monocytes • Largest, agranular, variety of nuclear shapes • Leave bloodstream and become macrophages • Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, & debris

  15. Lymphocytes • Similar in size to erythrocytes • Agranular, large spherical nucleus, thin ring of cytoplasm • T cells • Directly attack • B cells • Produce antibodies

  16. White Blood Cell Count • The proportion of WBCs is a diagnostic tool

  17. Illness chart p. 521 in book

  18. Let’s do one… PARTNERS • focus on high power and move slide to top left corner • one person scan through and ID the WBCs • other person tallies your count • once you’ve done 50, switch jobs Count a total of 100 cells, and figure the absolute count (aka use percentage counted)

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