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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006. Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers. L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23 b. Course Assessment. Incourse Test (40% of total grade) TEST DATE: MONDAY, APRIL 3, 2006 (2-4pm) Final Exam (60% of total grade). Topics for this Session.

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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

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  1. L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006 Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23b

  2. Course Assessment • Incourse Test (40% of total grade) TEST DATE: MONDAY, APRIL 3, 2006 (2-4pm) • Final Exam (60% of total grade)

  3. Topics for this Session • Review: Linguistic Variables • Extra-linguistic Variables • Data Collection & Analysis

  4. Labov distinguishes Linguistic Variable as: • Indicators - little or no social significance attached • Markers/Socially diagnostic variables – carries social significance. • Stereotypes – popular and conscious characterization of the speech of a particular group.

  5. Causes of Variation • Extra linguistic variables 3 main types: Speaker variables Group Variables Situation Variables

  6. Speaker variables • Characteristics of the individual, such as: Age Gender Ethnic origin Social background Regional origin Level of education Occupation

  7. Group variables • Factors that are external to the speaker: Prestige Stigma Correctness

  8. Situation variables (DIATYPIC VARIATION) • Context • Environment • Formality

  9. Dyatypic Variation Eg. A Politician The linguistic variation might be seen in: • the manner of address • the use of colloquialisms, jargons • the selection of topic and examples • the level of detail presented

  10. Social Groups • Primary assignment based on: social class membership, sex, age, ethnicity, etc. • Secondary assignment: – church membership - leisure-time activities - community involvement

  11. Can you quantify… • Sex? • Age? • Race? • Ethnicity?

  12. Social Class • How do you determine someone’s class ranking? • How precise can you get? Upper Working Class Lower Middle Class Middle Middle Class Upper Middle Class

  13. Social class cont’d Problems determining class: (a) Classifying someone based on statistics (b) The designations used- eg. MMC? (c) Are criteria applicable to all in the society?

  14. Social Class cont’d • How do you determine the social class ranking of children?

  15. Variation Studies - Micro Process – identify: linguistic variables • social variables • relationship between (1) & (2) • data collection method • sample to be used

  16. Data Collection Problem: Observer’s Paradox • investigation method may affect outcome. • injecting personal bias.

  17. Types of collection method: • Self–reported method: Questionnaires or Interviews (structured or open-ended) • Audio/Visual recording • Overt or covert Observation

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