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Chapter 5 Greek Civilization. The Culture of Ancient Greece. Chapter 5 Section 1. Greek Religion. Believed deities affected people’s daily lives and shaped events Myths were stories about the gods Practiced rituals to earn favor with the gods
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The Culture of Ancient Greece Chapter 5 Section 1
Greek Religion • Believed deities affected people’s daily lives and shaped events • Myths were stories about the gods • Practiced rituals to earn favor with the gods • Greeks believed in prophecy or predictions about the future • Visited oracle to receive prediction about the future • Most famous was the oracle at Delphi • Priest/priestess often spoke in riddles
Greek Poetry and Fables • Epics • Homer • Fables • Short tales that teach a lesson (moral) • Passed down orally The Tortoise and the Hare “slow and steady wins the race” Aesop
Greek Drama • Drama performed at ampitheaters • Actors were all men • Actors wore mask to show their emotions • Plays performed during festivals Comedy: any drama that has a happy ending Tragedy: a person struggles to over come difficulties but fails “Struggle against fate”
Chorus: sang & described events happening Tragedy Aeschylus: wrote Orestia which teaches that evil acts cause more evil and suffering Sophocles: wrote Oedipus and Antigone Euripides: wrote plays that about real life people and not the gods Comedy Aristophanes: made fun of politicians and scholars, told jokes and encouraged the audience to laugh
Greek Art and Architecture • Greek artists believed in the ideas of reason, balance, harmony and moderation in their works of art
Architecture Parthenon Doric Column Corinthian Column Ionic Column
Greek Philosophy and History Chapter 5 Section 2
Greek Philosophers • Philosophy: “love of wisdom” • Led to the studies of history, political science, science and math • Sophists: professional traveling teachers • Did not believe the gods influenced people • Did not believe in an absolute right
Greek Philosophers • Socrates • Believed an absolute truth existed and all real knowledge was within each person • Accused of teaching the young to rebel against the government • Taught the Socratic Method: a form of teaching that uses questions to lead students to discover things for themselves • Influenced how teachers interact with their students • Plato • Students of Socrates • Rejected the idea of democracy • In his book Republic, he describes the ideal government run by philosopher-kings. Next was came a warrior group and finally everyone else • Introduced the idea that governments should be fair and just
Philosophers Continued • Aristotle • Student of Plato • Opened a school called the Lyceum • Made advances in science • Wrote about government in Politics • Best governments were a run by a mixture of the rich and poor • This belief helped shaped the way the founding fathers of America wanted their government to look
Greek Historians • Herodotus • “father of history” • Tried to separate fact from fiction in history • Wrote a detailed history of the Persian Wars • Thucydides • Greatest historian of the ancient world • Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War • Did not believe that the gods played a role
Alexander the Great Chapter 5 Section 3
Philip of Macedonia Greek city states fell quickly to the Macedonian army At the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip was able to realize his dream: the control of Greece Philip of Macedonia spent time in Greece as a young man Decided to take it over Philip is murdered and 20 year old Alexander becomes king
Alexander’s Empire Empire began in Macedonia and continued to India
Alexander’s Legacy • Legacy: what a person leaves behind when he or she dies Hellenistic is the blending of Greek and eastern cultures The spreading of Greek culture as a result of his conquest. Beginning of the Hellenistic Age
The Spread of Greek Culture Chapter 5 Section 4
Greek Culture Spreads • Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers moved to the new Greek cities in southwest Asia, particularly Alexandria • Hellenistic cities wanted to emulate the cities of Greece • Hellenistic literature spoke of love and relationships Meander and Theocritus Appolonius of Rhodes wrote Argonautica which tells of the hero Jason and his search for a golden fleece.
Philosophy • Epicureanism: Epicurus taught that people must find happiness in all that they do. To do this they must seek out pleasure • Stoicism: Zeno happiness comes from following reason, not emotions, and doing your duty, which came in the form of serving your city. Stoics do not complain.
Greek Science and Math Archimedes: worked on solid geometry, established science of physics,figured out value of pi, catapults Aristarchus: established the earth revolves around the sun Euclid: wrote the book Elements and developed the concept of plane geometry Hipparchus: created a system to explain how the planet and stars move Hippocrates: the “father of medicine” who developed a code of behavior for doctors
Greek Science and Math • Eratosthenes: developed the idea that the earth was round and estimated the circumference of the earth within 185 miles • Pythagoras: first to establish the principles of geometry, believed that relationships in the world related to numbers, Pythagorean Theorom
