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IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE

IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE. Laura Gallardo Klenner , lgallard@dim.uchile.cl. Outlook. Some background How come there is a UMR-CNRS in Santiago de Chile? Ongoing research within atmospheric science at CMM

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IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE

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  1. IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE Laura Gallardo Klenner , lgallard@dim.uchile.cl LGK LOA May2004

  2. Outlook • Some background • How come there is a UMR-CNRS in Santiago de Chile? • Ongoing research within atmospheric science at CMM • Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions • Anthropogenic sulfur and Sc • Volcanoes and new particles in the upper troposphere • Perspectives and aims (BASIS) LGK LOA May2004

  3. “CMM-Uchile-CNRS-UMR 2071” Moisés Mellado LGK LOA May2004

  4. Themes Inverse modeling applications: assessing sources for linear tracers Megacities Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes and ozone in the subtropics Sulfur aerosols and cloud processes Projects INRIA-CONICYT (2003-2004) CLARIS (2004-2007) IAI (2004-2005) FONDECYT (2003-2006) ECOS Syd (2004-2006) Swedish Research Council (2003-2004) FORMAS (2005-2007) Atmospheric Science at CMM LGK LOA May2004

  5. LGK LOA May2004

  6. STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE OZONE BALANCE IN THE SUBTROPICS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: A MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED STUDY BASED AT CERRO TOLOLO (30ºS, 70ºW, 2200 M.A.S.L)FONDECYT 1030809 (2003-2006) LGK LOA May2004

  7. Oxidized sulfur (SOx=SO2+sulfate) is perhaps the most "natural" species to focus on in Chile … LGK LOA May2004

  8. Potential effects on Sc clouds? LGK LOA May2004

  9. Step one: establishing tools LGK LOA May2004

  10. Regional-scale dispersion of oxidized sulfur over Central Chile using HIRLAM-MATCH OH S-SO2 S-SO4 Emissions (5%) Dry deposition Emissions (95%) Dry an wet deposition • L. Gallardo, G. Olivares y A. Aguayo • National Commission for the Environment (CONAMA) • J. Langner, B. Aarhus, M. Engardt y L. Gidhagen • Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) LGK LOA May2004

  11. Coastal lows Type A Type BPF LGK LOA May2004

  12. Coastal lows and off shore transport episodes in Northern Chile Sulfur burden mgS/m2 To be continued… LGK LOA May2004

  13. Alvaro Amigo There are more than 100 active volcanoes along the Andes!! WE KNOW LITTLE ABOUT THEM ZVN ZVC ZVS ZVA LGK LOA May2004

  14. Radiative Forcing -0.65 W/m2 : 39.6% (75 TgS/yr man made) vs 32.9% (10 TgS/yr volcanic). LGK LOA May2004

  15. Láscar Volcano (5593 m.a.s.l.) Nov. 1989: Fumarolic emissions 19-20 Ap 1993: Subplinian eruption LGK LOA May2004

  16. [Kton]  30% 2300  1120 [Mg/d] LGK LOA May2004

  17. Svolc Svolc + Sant Fumarolic (2300) vs. anthropogenic (2100 )emissions (MgSO2/d) LGK LOA May2004

  18. Nucl Aitken H2SO4 Acc New particles may be formed! (Ekman connection) LGK LOA May2004

  19. Subplinian emissions as pulses 26 Km 19 Km 14 Km 11 Km 4 Km LGK LOA May2004

  20. And ashes SO2 burden as observed by TOMS LGK LOA May2004

  21. Deposition (mgS/m2/d) and ice cores (Illimani & Tapado) LGK LOA May2004

  22. DMS Emissions Next steps MATCH model: • Convective mixing over the Andes (Tiedke scheme) • Biogenic emissions & Humboldt current (LMDZ approach) • Coupling with CPTEC (Brazil) and MM5 (Chilean Weather Office) • Systematic comparisons with satellite products LGK LOA May2004

  23. Next steps • Volcanoes • Estimating aerosol formation in the UTLS (c/o Annica Ekman & MIT) • Using ERA 40 ECMWF (61 levels, 0.5°) • Including effects of deep convection on transport • Using 3-D wet deposition scheme • Simulations of ash deposition LGK LOA May2004

  24. Other steps and projects • In situ measurements of activated aerosols in Sc by the Chilean coast (c/o Kevin Noone & Ana María Córdova) • Implementation of a regional scale climatic model (Rossby Center), with S-Sc parameterizations • MBL and Sc: cloud base and MM5 simulations (c/o José Rutllant & colleagues) • STE processes and ozone soundings • Implementation of MATCH adjoint for linear tracers plus other inverse techniques LGK LOA May2004

  25. Altogether • The S cycle and its interactions with clouds (Sc!) is amazingly interesting in the west coast of South America… but barely known • There are increasing capabilities in Chile regarding people, modeling and monitoring • We are confident of having a fruitful collaboration with the LOA team LGK LOA May2004

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