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The Arab World

The Arab World. Supervisor: MR. Mohammad El- Agha Stud. Names : Haya Abu Sha’era & Hayjar El-Qutaty Suhad El Akhsham & Samah El- Ajrami. The Map:. 1. Al-Mashreq: . 2. The Arabian Peninsula:. 3. North Africa:. 4.

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The Arab World

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  1. The Arab World Supervisor:MR. Mohammad El- Agha Stud. Names: Haya Abu Sha’era & Hayjar El-Qutaty Suhad El Akhsham & Samah El- Ajrami

  2. The Map: 1

  3. Al-Mashreq: 2

  4. The Arabian Peninsula: 3

  5. North Africa: 4

  6. Horn of Africa: 5

  7. Arab World Geography: • The Arab world runs, geographically from the west by the Atlantic Ocean, where the Arab Maghreb to the east Arabian Sea, including the Arab States taken as an official language. 6

  8. The Arab World stretches across more than 14 million square kilometers. • The Asian part of the Arab world is called the Mashriq. • The North African part of the Arab World to the west of Egypt and Sudan is known as the Maghreb. 7

  9. Arab World Climate : • Coastal climate: • A climate of places along the water bodies such as the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean (and is characterized by warm summers and mild warm winters. • Like Mediterranean region which located in The northern fringes of the Arab nation on the shores of the Mediterranean • Like :: Alexandria / Beirut / Tunisia / Algeria 8

  10. Continental climate: • A climate of places away from water bodies, such as deserts and high in summer is warm, especially during the day • And low in winter, especially at night • Like arid/dry desert • Which located in Most of the Arab world (Central) • Like: Riyadh / Sudan 9

  11. Population: • The Arab world has the highest rate of population growth in the world, at 2.4 per cent, which helps to increase the number of inhabitants of the Arab world who came to some 340 million people and this increase will generate the high labor force, which is a great benefit to the Arab economies

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  13. Population: • The Arab world has the highest rate of population growth in the world, at 2.4 per cent, which helps to increase the number of inhabitants of the Arab world who came to some 340 million people and this increase will generate the high labor force, which is a great benefit to the Arab economies 11

  14. straits and waterways that are supervised by the Arab world • Strait of Hormuz, which oversees the Sultanate of Oman and Iran. • The Strait of Bab el mandab, which oversees the Yemen and Djibouti. • Suez Canal and in the land of Egypt. • Strait of Tiran and sponsored by Saudi Arabia and Egypt. • Strait of Gibal Tareq, and sponsored by Morocco and Britain. 12

  15. The Arab world is a place attractive to tourists from all over the world, the most important features of civilization - rather a tourist : • In Morocco • The effects of Agadir, Fez, Meknes, new and Rabat. 13

  16. In Egypt • Pyramids of Giza and the effects of Luxor and Aswan, and the Tel el-Amarna and Alexandria and Cairo and the ancient Memphis 14

  17. Syria: • the old city of Damascus, Halab , Hems and Ramita 15

  18. Jordan: • The effects of Jerash and Irbid, and Petra and the Dead Sea and Aqaba, and Salt and Ain Ghazal and Madaba, and Amman, and is measured and Karak and Ajloun. 16

  19. Palestine: • The effects of Jericho and Jerusalem and Ashkelon, and Bethlehem and Beit She'an and the Galilee and Hebron and the Galilee and the Negev and Nablus and the Dead Sea. 17

  20. Arab wealth and recourses: • The African continent produces 98% of diamond production in world • And more than half of world production of gold. • Also produced five of the world's Platinum. • Two – third of the world's bauxite production in addition to the exist of copper, cobalt and phosphate. • The reserve of uranium in Africa an estimated 30 % of world reserves. • annual output of 20 billion barrels whereas Africa have 40% from the world's stock of mineral resources 18

  21. Agriculture in the Arab world: • Why The Arab world is care about agriculture?? • Because the ancient civilization in the Arab world dependent on agriculture, such as the Ancient Egyptian civilization in Egypt and the Babylonian and Assyrian civilization in Iraq.

  22. The importance of agriculture in the Arab world: • operates the bulk of the population of the Arab world in agriculture or related occupations (about 60%) • To provide the needs of the population of food. • provide the raw material for industry such as cotton and sugar cane ... • some of the crops will contribute a significant proportion of the exports of the Arab world, such as dates, gum Arabic, a long-staple cotton.

  23. Factors for the agriculture in the Arab world • Natural factors: • the soil. • Change. • Water. • Human factors: • market. • Capital. • labor.

  24. The most important problems facing agriculture in the Arab World • Not to take advantage of all the arable land. • Lack of trained manpower in agriculture. • Poor soil . • Non-use of modern agriculture. • Inefficient storage and conservation of agricultural products . • Neglect of agricultural industrialization .

  25. Some appropriate solutions to solve these problems: • The use of modern methods in agriculture • Fertilization of the soil quality. • The use of high seed production. • The establishment of model farms to raise awareness among farmers . • Encourage agricultural awareness.

  26. Agricultural yields: • Grain: (wheat - rice - barley - sorghum - maize). • :It is used in human food such as wheat, 'corn' rice • Industrial and commercial yields (cotton - Alng - coffee - sugar beet ). • It is involved in manufacturing processes or trade, which sells for cash • Fruits and fruit trees (citrus fruits - grapes - dates - olive and apple - peach, apricot). • It is diverse and multifaceted.

  27. The most important food grain in the Arab world: • Wheat: the yield of winter wheat cultivation is concentrated in: • Mediterranean countries on rainfall, as in Morocco, Syria and Iraq • In Egypt, irrigation water from the river Nile. • In Saudi Arabia, based on groundwater use modern methods

  28. The most important wheat-producing countries in the Arab world : • Egypt - 6 million tons . • Syria -3.2 million tons . • Morocco - 2.3 tons. • Saudi Arabia - 2 million tons. • Iraq - 1 million tons. • Algeria - 7 million tons.

  29. debt of the Arab States: • The Arab World is facing a set of economic and social challenges, at the forefront of which are unemployment, poverty and public debt. • The debt making headway in development in a number of Arab countries. • Accumulation of public debt undermines the ability of these countries to provide essential services to their citizens, such as health and education.

  30. economic policies adopted by Arab countries to reduce the debt, to meet the financial requirements of the government, and to provide the cash needed to pay off this debt did not succeed in achieving these goals. Instead, they led to the accumulation of public debt that has reached excessive levels.

  31. In Lebanon, for example, the public debt hit $42 billion in 2006. • In Egypt, the public debt reached about 110% of the GDP in 2006.

  32. the most important reasons for debt in Egypt and Lebanon: • high volume of public spending in these countries. • high prices of imported materials, such as fuels. • the low tax revenues: because of the small-sized levies due to the weakness of economic activity, and tax evasion by many citizens and businessmen due to the absence of confidence in the economic programs and their governments' policies.

  33. The efforts aimed at reducing the public debt: • First, related to the increase in government revenues. It is known that the volume of government revenues is linked to the collection of taxes and customs. • Second, rationalizing government expenditure: some Arab countries have resorted to reducing the level of subsidies for the citizen's essential needs, such as bread and fuel.

  34. The third possibility pertains to international aid: over the past years, international financial assistance has helped a number of Arab States, such as Jordan and Egypt, to cover a great part of government expenditures.

  35. The Economic Power As a part of the world • The industrial countries always try to increase their imports from the producing countries that uses little amount of oil because their industrial level is low. The petrol provides about 39% from the consumption of the international power.

  36. OPEC • It represents some countries that produce and export petrol and its found is to coordinate and organize the petrol process. • it includes eleven countries which are: • Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The State of Kuwait, Iraq, people's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Iran, Libyan, Indonesia, Nigeria, Qatar United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

  37. The important of petrol: • It's important for the petrochemical industrials. • It's used as a raw material in plastic, artificial and paints. • It's easy to be transferred and stored. • Petrol is important for most of the modern industries.

  38. There are some factors that affect using petrol as a strategic product for solving problems such as the following: • Political dependence. • Increase Arabic countries debts. • Using the profit of petrol product outside Arabic countries. • Political conflict between Arab countries.

  39. Knowledge of reading and writing : - • The rate of (Knowledge of reading and writing) among the population of the Arab world 54.82% For the sake of comparison. The knowledge of reading and writing in Palestine for example, 95% and 97% of America and Germany 99%. • The highest rateof Knowledge of reading and writing in the Arab world recorded in Jordan, with up to 86.6% in Lebanon, up to 86.4%,whilethe lowestrateon record in Somalia, only 24%, 38% in Yemen.

  40. What is the reason for the low level of education in the Arab world: • curriculum is a shallow and very old in relation to a development of the world now – one example -- I read not long ago that the information taught in our schools and universities on the corn and that is the smallest part of the protons and electrons and very old Neutroninformation has changed in the curricula of U.S. and European Union for more than 15 years we are still studying in our universities to our students and will remain studding it.

  41. the systems that used in teaching, which put a strain on the student. • appointment (hear) of non-qualified teachers. • boring routine of teaching methods that follow the way of memorization and preservation of the blind student without an understanding of what to preserve. • lack of interest in many of the students academic achievement

  42. Health :- • people have in most Arab countries , the rate of sign of life at birth is higher than the global average, which is 67 years. However, disease and disability reduce the rate of disability-free life of 5 to 11 years. • The lower the age of Arab women from the global average due in part to the high mortality rate among pregnant women.

  43. The percentage of disability is higher than in women than men which makes women's health is a priority of the makers. • Spent most of the Arab States 4% of GDP on health, less than the expenditure-income countries spent an average of .5% and the impact of health sector reform programs negatively on vulnerable groups in society

  44. Technologyand Knowledge • The trend in world economy is towards Knowledge-Based Economy. • Knowledge is becoming more and more a major factor in the economy of the 21st century. • Technology is the type of knowledge most related to economic and social development. • Technology generation is concentrated in few developed countries and protected more and more by Intellectual Property Rights.

  45. Technology is: humanitarian effort & a way of thinking in the use of information, skills, human elements and resources in a particular area & their application in the discovery of technological means to solve the problems of rights and satisfy its needs and increasing its capabilities. Technology: is used as a mean not as a result. It’s a way of thinking in the use of information and skills in order to reach results.

  46. The world is also witnessing an evolution of new core technologies such as: • ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). • Biotechnologies. • Advanced materials. • Space.

  47. Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) • The prevalence of ICT in the Arab World region is below that of international average, particularly with regard to the use of personal computers (PCs) and internet access. Between 1992 and 2002, fixed telephone and mobile subscriptions rose from 4% to 16.5% in the Arab World. • United Arab Emirates at 94 subscribers for every 100 population, followed by Bahrain and Kuwait, at 84 and 72 respectively. It is worth mentioning that mobile services accounted for a larger proportion of these subscriptions.

  48. Indicators show that technology generation is mostly concentrated in ten developed countries. Several Arab countries are formulating National Science and Technology policies and strategies to implement these policies. The role of technology in dealing with the important challenges to Arab countries is beginning in the 21st century clearly.

  49. Technology can help in facing the essential problems such as achieving economic diversity, improving productivity and competitiveness, youth unemployment, and improving the real Arab capacity in defense and security. The Arab countries are more aware of the need to improve their system and transfer it to a National System of Innovation.

  50. Strategic and Manage Conflict • Palestinian problem • Tripartite aggression • Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty • Iraqi problem

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