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Chapter 3 Middle Earth and Three Great Debates in International Relations

Chapter 3 Middle Earth and Three Great Debates in International Relations. The Great Debates in International Relations. 1 st Great Debate (20s & 30s). 2 nd Great Debate (50s-80s). 3 rd Great Debate (80s & on). The 1 st Great Debate Visions of the future. Classical Realism.

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Chapter 3 Middle Earth and Three Great Debates in International Relations

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  1. Chapter 3Middle Earth and Three Great Debates in International Relations

  2. The Great Debatesin International Relations 1st Great Debate (20s & 30s) 2nd Great Debate (50s-80s) 3rd Great Debate (80s & on)

  3. The 1stGreat DebateVisions of the future Classical Realism Classical Liberalism Marxism

  4. CLASSICAL REALISM • Humans are eternally aggressive • Conflict is the normal state of the world • Ends justify means • States are primary actors in the international system

  5. CLASSICAL LIBERALISM • People are inherently good, so conflict can be reduced through social learning • Conflict is not the norm, but an aberration • NGO’s & other non-state actors play a significant role in the international system

  6. MARXISM • Focuses on conflict among different economic classes • Social revolution promotes greater equality • Trees in Fangorn resist perceived efforts to exploit them

  7. English School The 2ndGreat DebateMethod:History vs. Science Rational Choice Neo-realism Neo-liberalism Neo-Marxism

  8. English School Focuses on “international society” of states

  9. Rational ChoiceUnbounded Rationality Actors “maximize their interests” through cost-benefit analysis

  10. Rational ChoiceBounded Rationality Calculations are informed by self-awareness and psychological factors

  11. Neo-Realism Inter-state conflict is inevitable because of anarchic structure of international system Key variable is distribution of military power Under anarchy, lack of overarching power or government puts states into a “security dilemma”

  12. Defensive Realism States seek to increase power only under certain circumstances

  13. Offensive Realism States seek to increase power to maximize their security

  14. Neo-Liberalism Inter-state cooperation is feasible Greater concentration on role of international institutions in constraining behavior and overcoming barriers The more contact states have through trade, investment, tourism, etc., the stronger the reciprocity

  15. Neo-Marxism Inter-state conflict is inevitable because of anarchic structure of international system Key variable is distribution of military power Under anarchy, lack of overarching power or government puts states into a “security dilemma”

  16. GramscianDependencyWorld Systems

  17. The 3rdGreat DebateHow knowledge is acquired Positivism Constructivism Critical Theory

  18. Constructivists Emphasizes role of socially constructed ideas in shaping International Relations Without a perceived security threat, warlike behavior isn’t considered and the “norm” is peace Constructed worlds can constrain behavior in international politics

  19. Critical Theory Questions rationalist state-centric framework and research agenda Focuses on alternative issues and marginalized populations Argue that normative concerns should be included in International Relations

  20. Where is IR theory now?

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