Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution

1. Studying the process of galaxy formation in situ Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Color Magnitude Diagrams & LFs of resolved galaxies Elemental abundances of stars & gas Distribution & kynematics of gas in disks & halos - galaxy rotation curves Chemical evolution models Search & study of the relics of galaxy formation The Cosmic Evolution of Baryons The Cosmic Evolution of galactic Structures

2. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution • Staff : • M. Bellazzini (AR), L. Federici (AR), • F. Fusi Pecci (AO), L. Origlia (AR), • R. Sancisi (AO), M. Tosi (AO) • Post Doc: • E. Pancino, D. Romano • PhD Students: • L. Angeretti, F. Fraternali, • S. Galleti, L. Monaco, • A. Sollima • Technical Support: • P. Montegriffo, • E. Rossetti

3. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution A short panoramic view A few examples Some highlights

4. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Star Formation Histories from synthetic CMDs The most widely used method to infer SFH of resolved galaxie was invented here Tosi et al. 1991

5. Spatially resolved SFH in the local Universe Deep, high-res photometry allows to resolve stellar populations and derive CMDs. From them, the method provides SF history and IMF. M. Tosi (OAB), L. Angeretti (Uni.Bo), L.Greggio (OAPd), F.Annibali (SISSA), A. Aloisi (STScI), C. Leitherer (STScI) e.g. NGC1705 BCD at 5.1 Mpc HST-WFPC2/NIC2 data 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

6. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The disk and the halo of M31 with HST S. Galleti L. Federici F. Fusi Pecci C. Cacciari M. Bellazzini Tomography of the stellar content

7. XMM 2keV 1keV 0.7keV NICS @ TNG Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution M82 the nuclear SB Chemical enrichment by recursive bursts of SF Stellar abundances from NIR spectra Gas abundances from X-ray spectra People: Origlia, Comastri, OA-BO Ranalli, Uni-BO Maiolino , OA-Arcetri

8. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Omega Cen: the relic of a galactic building block? Omega Cen:the Rosetta Stone of chemical evolution Abundance Analysis ESO WFI@2.2m > 220000 stars ESO SOFI > 40000 stars HST ACS > 400000 stars Metal Content SOFI: NIR – MR spectroscopy AGE AGE UVES Optical Hi Res Spectroscopy

9. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Omega Cen:the Rosetta Stone of chemical evolution Flames & UVES 130 SGB stars at low res. E. Pancino M. Bellazzini L. Origlia A. Sollima F. Ferraro (Un.) More than 700 RGB stars at high res.

10. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The key interpretative tool for the observations of the chemical enrichment Models of chemical evolution in galaxies An example: primordial nucleosynthesis The predictions of our models on Deuterium verified by WMAP Comparisons of this kind will soon be possible also in nearby external galaxies (UVES-Flames) M. Tosi, D. Romano

11. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The relics of the hyerarchical merging process Local detailed test of the CDM cosmology The Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy M. Bellazzini, L. Monaco, E. Pancino; F. Ferraro, R. Ibata

12. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy The Main Body SGR: a nucleated galaxy at 25 kpc WFI photometry of a 1 deg X 1 deg field (500000 stars): SFH & structure VLT-Flames spectra of more than 300 stars: abundance & dynamics

13. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Sgr Dwarf galaxy: The Stream Globular Clusters in the Sgr Stream The contribution of Sgr to the assembly of the Galactic Halo

14. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The relics of the hyerarchical merging process Local detailed test of the CDM cosmology The discovery of the Canis Major galaxy: The relic of an in-plane accretion onto the MW Overdensity of M giants Substructure of GCs CMD from archive data

15. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution The discovery of the Canis Major galaxy: The relic of an in-plane accretion onto the MW • Kynematics & SFH: constraints to galaxy • formation models • Stream Kynematics: • detailed contraints on the Galactic potential • DM cusps & streams: • impact on neutralino search experiments

16. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution HVC in external galaxies Gas kynematics & the structure of gaseous discs Gas disc & velocity fields Substructures in gaseous discs R. Sancisi F. Fraternali Velocity curves & Mass profiles NGC 6946

17. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution TELESCOPE TIME 2000-2003 ESO others: 9 nights ESO VLT: 21 nights HST: 177 orbits Keck: 3 nights TNG: 21 nights Westerbork: 40 X 12h

18. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution Publications Invited talks 1998-2003: 10

19. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution An expanding field • What we need • short/medium term • (or the keys of our expansion) • Access to grants (COFIN) • PhD Students • International collaborations • Access to key facilities • VLT, HST, JWT • Technical support • Software developement • What we need • long term • Italian participation to large • long-term programmes as • SDSS, 2MASS

20. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution

21. Formation & Evolution of Galaxies Stars, Gas & Dark Matter, Chemical & Dynamical Evolution