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Learn about anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Understand the criteria, symptoms, and pathways of these disorders and discover statistics on their prevalence. Find out ways to manage anxiety and seek help for a healthier future.
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Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Panic Disorder Phobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Fear Immediate alarm reaction to dangerous or life threatening emergencies Anxiety A mood state characterized by negative emotion, tension with no specific object or event that is feared Fear v. Anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Definition • A continuous and generalized feeling of apprehension and pending disaster • Criteria • Major anxiety for 6 months • Not attached to a specific fear
Symptoms Excessive anxiety Restlessness Jittery Rapid breathing Heart palpitations Edgy Hot flashes or chills Difficulty concentrating Difficulty sleeping Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Phobias • Definition • Unreasonable specific fear of an object or situation • Criteria • Interferes with functioning • Motivated to avoid the feared stimulus
Phobias • Symptoms • Nervous • Rapid breathing • Fear
Panic Disorder • Definition • Severe unexpected panic • Feelings of loss of control or danger • Criteria • Recurrent unexpected panic attacks • Develop anxiety about having another attack
Panic Disorder • Symptoms • Tingling in the hands/feet • Shortness of breath • Hot & cold flashes • Faintness • Dizziness • Feelings of unreality
Pathway of Panic Attacks Biological Vulnerability Stress (Initial Panic Attack) False Alarm Association with cues
Pathway of Panic Attacks Psychological Vulnerability Involuntary physical or cognitive cues Possible development of “agoraphobic” avoidance
Obsessive-Compulsive Scale • Almost never applies to me • Applies to me sometimes • Applies to me often • Applies to me almost always
When I find myself waiting for someone or something, I count things (floor tiles, ceiling tiles, and so on) • After I lock a door, I will check and recheck to make sure it is locked. • I find it difficult to throw things out • I get upset when people move my personal possessions • When given a handout in class, I doodle on it and fill in or shade many of the letters
When I wake up in the morning I follow the same ritual • I make to-do lists and scratch each item as I accomplish it • I tend to be a perfectionist • I have to budget my money • When given a task to do, I complete it by myself or closely supervise the work
What does it all mean? 10-15 Not very anxious at all 16-20 Somewhat anxious, but it keeps you motivated 21-30 Anxious often; you may find it hard to relax at times 31-40 Very anxious; you may want to learn some relaxation techniques
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Definition • Obsession • Repetitive and unwanted thought, ideas, images • Compulsion • repetitive and rigid activities that people feel compelled to do
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Criteria • Significant distress • Impaired functioning • Difficulty dismissing • UNWANTED
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Symptoms • Rapid heartbeats • Jittery • Irritability • Difficulty concentrating • Examples • Hand washing • Counting • Hording behavior (don’t throw anything away)
Statistics • Approximately 40 million American adults have some form of anxiety disorder • Approximately 6 million American adults have Panic Disorder • Approximately 2.2 million American adults have OCD • OCD is equal among males and females
