26.3 The Cold War at home

1. 26.3 The Cold War at home Peter Jacobsen

2. Key Terms • • Huac- • House Committee on Un-American Activities, it was created from a congressional committee that’s purpose was to search out disloyalty before WW2. It’s so-called “claim to fame” was in 1947 when it began to investigate communist activities in the movie industry. • • Hollywood 10- • The Hollywood 10 was 10 men that were suspended from, the movie business when the HUAC accused them of being communist; they testified and were eventually sent to prison because they refused to answer the committee’s questions.

3. Key Terms • • Blacklist- • A list made by the executives of Hollywood, pointing out anybody who was believed to have a communist background. If you were put on that list, your career was essentially over because you couldn’t get any jobs. • • Alger Hiss- • A man accused of being a soviet spy. The man accusing him was Whittaker Chambers. Hiss was eventually accused of perjury and was sent to jail

4. Key Terms • • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- • The Rosenberg’s were members of the American Communist party. They were involved with a case about leaking secret information about our atomic bomb to the soviets. They were convicted and given the death penalty • • Senator Joseph McCarthy- • From Wisconsin, McCarthy, looking for a way to get re-elected, decided to add to the concern about communism by making multiple accusations about communists in the government. He especially accused the democratic party of treason.

5. Key Terms • • McCarthyism- • The term for McCarthy’s technique of accusing members of the government of communism. After McCarthy publicly made accusations on the U.S. Army, he lost public support.

6. Concern at Home • Many were concerned when finding out that there were many communists/Russian spies in the country • 80,000 Americans claimed to have affiliations with Communist party • Many believed Truman wasn’t strict enough on communism in the United States

7. Fear of being Accused • Many were afraid of being accused of communism let alone actually being communist • Actors were afraid of being blacklisted, as it would end careers • Regular civilians were also afraid to branch out and act different because that would lead to people accusing you of being communist.

8. Key Events • 1947-HUAC and the Hollywood 10 • 1948- Hiss accused of being a soviet spy • 1950- Rosenberg’s given death penalty for leaking information about nuclear weapons to the soviets • 1950-McCarran Act- outlawed any chance for totalitarian dictatorship in the US • 1952- McCarthy’s accusations

9. Two Nations Live on the Edge26.4

10. Race for the H-Bomb • 1949-soviets explore first atomic bomb • Truman orders the creation of a more powerful bomb • 1952-united states explodes the first thermonuclear device the H-bomb • 1953-Russia explodes a thermonuclear device

11. Brinkmanship is the way to go • The us strategy was to keep peace by using all its force against any nation • This promise would insure peace • What is this? • Brinkmanship • John Foster Dulles created this policy

12. The Cia’s “Covert operations” • The president feared that Iran would turn to communism because its economy had faltered • So he sent the CIA in and they convinced the shah or Iran to throw him out and replace him with someone the west liked • This protected Iran • The CIA also operate against the government of Guatemala because they believed them to be communist

13. Soviet Union activities • Created the Warsaw pact which was an alliance with all the nations under their control • In Hungary Khrushchev the premier of the soviet union promoted a reform minded leader for the country • But then when Hungary wanted to leave the Warsaw pact they sent tanks in and killed 30,000 protesters

14. The cold war takes to the skies • Russia starts the space race by launching Sputnik on October 4, 1957 • The US begins to use high altitude U-2 planes to capture images of the soviet union with high resolution • The last U-2 flight was shot down and the pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured and tortured

15. Americas leader • Dwight D. Eisenhower was president during this time • He was a general in WW2 and strongly against communism • He created the Eisenhower doctrine • What is it? • It stated that the US would defend the middle east against any attack by a communist country

16. Key Terms • H-Bomb-Hydrogen Bomb • Brinkmanship-The willingness to go to the brink or edge of war • CIA-Central Intelligence Agency used spies to gather information abroad • Warsaw Pact-Military alliance between the Soviet Union and the satellite nations it controlled in Eastern Europe.

17. Key Terms continued • Eisenhower Doctrine-Said that the United States would defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country • U-2 incident-When a CIA spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union while trying to take infrared pictures.

18. People • Francis Gary Powers-The man piloting the u-2 plane when it was shot down over the Soviet Union • John Foster Dulles--Secretary of State under Eisenhower • Had an aggressive stance against communism and negotiated treaties to prevent it • Hated communism

19. Postwar America 27.1 By Joshua Smith

20. Key terms • GI Bill of Rights • Suburbs • Harry S Truman • Dixicrats • Fair Deal • Dwight D Eisenhower

21. Readjustment and Recovery • The GI Bill of rights was passed in 1944 it encouraged Veterans of World war II to get an education and it helped them buy houses. • There where these new living areas on the rise called suburbs which were residential areas outside the city

22. Suburb Suburb in the 1950

23. Readjustment and Recovery • In the 1950’s the divorce rate became higher. • The gov.had to cancel war contracts they cost 35 billion dollars. • People started to spend more money.

24. Economic Challenges • When Truman was in office he inherited economic challenges. • 4.5 million people went on strike. Then The workers slowly went back to work.

25. Social Unrest • Truman Says “I am asking for equal opportunity for all human beings… and if that ends up in my failure to be reelected that failure will be in a good cause” Truman says in this quote that he is a advocate for civil rights • The Dixicrats were a political party who opposed Civil Rights.

26. Dixicrats • This is a picture of a • Dixicrat rally

27. Social Unrest • Jackie Robinson becomes the first black man to play Major league baseball.

28. Fair Deal • Truman had an expansion of FDR’s New Deal called the Fair deal. • This deal has to do with helping people get Health insurance.