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Metabolism

Metabolism. MOVE Support August 5, 2014 Glenna Stewart, MS RD LD. Energy Balance. ENERGY OUTPUT. ENERGY INPUT. Carbohydrate Fat Protein. Basal Metabolism Physical Activity Digestion, Absorption, & Processing Nutrients Thermogenesis.

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Metabolism

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  1. Metabolism MOVE Support August 5, 2014 Glenna Stewart, MS RD LD

  2. Energy Balance ENERGY OUTPUT ENERGY INPUT Carbohydrate Fat Protein Basal Metabolism Physical Activity Digestion, Absorption, & Processing Nutrients Thermogenesis

  3. Food hunts man.. Energy Input Carbohydrate Protein Fat Alcohol

  4. Energy Output • Physical Activity • Digestion, Absorption & Processing Nutrients • Thermogenesis • Basal Metabolism • Lean Body Mass • Body Surface Area • Gender • Body Temperature • Thyroid Hormones • Nervous System Activity • Pregnancy • Caffeine & Tobacco Use

  5. Basal Metabolism • Minimum amount of energy expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm quiet environment. • 60-70% in a sedentary person • Let’s see how basal metabolism contributes to energy needs.

  6. Basal Metabolism • 2.2 lb for every kg, convert weight • 200 / 2.2 = 90 kg • Rough estimate of basal metabolism: • 0.9 kcal/kg per hour • 1.0 kcal/kg per hour • 90 x 1 = 90 kcal/hr • 90 x 24 = 2160 kcal

  7. Basal Metabolism Factors that Increase: • Lean Body Mass • Body Surface Area • Gender • Body Temperature • Thyroid Hormones • Nervous System Activity • Pregnancy • Caffeine & Tobacco Use

  8. Basal Metabolism Factors that Decrease: • Low Energy Intake • 10-20% • 150 to 300 kcal/day • Loss of Lean Body Mass • 1-2% past age of 30 • Physical Activity Preserves

  9. Physical Activity • Increases basal metabolism by 25 – 40%. • Varies widely among individuals • Varies among activities. • Examples: stairs vs elevator, walking vs driving, standing vs sitting. • Evaluation: leisure time

  10. Digestion, Absorption & Processing • Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) • Sales Tax: 5 – 10% For every 100 calories of basal metabolism, 105 – 110 kcal. • Food Composition • Protein (20-30%) • Carbohydrate (5-10%) • Fat (0-3%)

  11. Thermogenesis • Increase in non-voluntary physical activity triggered by cold conditions or overeating. • Fidgeting, Shivering, Maintenance of Muscle Tone, Upholding Body Posture

  12. Concept • Energy Balance = Input + Output • The Body Uses Energy for 4 main purposes: • Basal Metabolism (60-70%) • Physical Activity (20-30%) • Digestion, Absorption, & Processing • Thermogenesis

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