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The Movies

The Movies. The Movies. The TV Shows. The TV Shows. The Music. The Music. The People. The People. The Brands. The Brands. The Fashion. The Fashion. The Mass Media: An Overview. Lecturer: Ms Deborah de Souza. In brief. Definition History: Milestones Functions & Responsibilities

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The Movies

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  1. The Movies

  2. The Movies

  3. The TV Shows

  4. The TV Shows

  5. The Music

  6. The Music

  7. The People

  8. The People

  9. The Brands

  10. The Brands

  11. The Fashion

  12. The Fashion

  13. The Mass Media:An Overview Lecturer: Ms Deborah de Souza

  14. In brief • Definition • History: Milestones • Functions & Responsibilities • Impact & Issues • Present & Future

  15. Definition What is the Media? movies direct mail radio Different methods of communication CD-roms TV Internet postcards magazines

  16. When methods of communication are used to reach out to large numbers of people at the same time, they are known as the Definition Mass Media

  17. History Communication is not only the essence of being human, but also a vital property of life. John Pierce Cave Paintings Smoke Signals Egyptian Hieroglyphics

  18. History: Milestones The growth of the mass media was driven by technology, leading to the different ways in history through which information passes to us. 1450s Printing press 1880s Photography 1920s Radio 1980s Internet 1850s Newspaper and print media 1900s Cinema 1950s Television Future

  19. History: Printing • 1450s: Invention of the printing press by in Germany. • Enabled education of the masses. • Flourishing of written literature. • Concerns about how books can shape the intellect

  20. History: Newspapers • 1850s: Growth of newspaper industry as result of Industrialization and invention of telegraph. • Allowed current information to be circulated widely and fairly quickly. • Paved the way for freedom of expression, but also propaganda.

  21. History: Cinemas/ Movies • 1900s: Appearance of cinemas. • New form of entertainment based on story-telling through moving images. • Growth of the movie industry. • Advent of celebrities and fears about their influence.

  22. History: Radio • 1920s: Radio broadcasting began with widespread introduction of radio receivers. • More immediate and personal eg. Churchill’s radio messages in World War II. • Programmes included comedies and plays and not only news and music. • Led to the growth of popular music and the recording industry.

  23. History: Television • 1950s: Television sets entered the living rooms of ordinary people’s homes • Concept of home entertainment started, and news could be watched as well as heard. • TV commercials became the most popular, pervasive and effective form of advertising. • Compulsive television viewing alleged to be a form of addiction.

  24. History: Television 1960 US Presidential Elections Who would you choose? Candidate A Candidate B

  25. History: Internet • 1980s: Rise of the Internet • Creation of a global village ie. connecting computer systems and people from all over the world. • Characterised by decentralisation and its seemingly infinite number of uses. • Credibility and legality issues are major concerns.

  26. History: Implications • Countries/people that possess the technology control the mass media. • Countries/people that lack the technology are at a disadvantage -- the ‘digital divide’.

  27. Functions & Responsibilities Main Functions of the Mass Media Inform us Entertain us The Mass Media seek to Civilise us Persuade us

  28. Functions & Responsibilities The Responsibilities of the Mass Media Accurate Objective The Mass Media should ideally be Open channel Fully comprehensive

  29. Functions & Responsibilities The responsibilities of the mass media may be compromised because: • the mass media are often government-controlled. • the mass media are generally run as profit-making enterprises.

  30. Functions & Responsibilities Questions • Who is communicating? • What is being communicated? • How is it being communicated? • Why is it being communcated?

  31. Impact & Issues The mass media have to a large extent led to the development of a Popular Culture

  32. Impact & Issues Definition of Popular Culture: Cultural patterns that are widespread in our modern society. Who and what are part of it? • Famous people • Well-known brands or goods • Popular TV programmes, movies, music • Fashion items • Slang words

  33. Impact & Issues Positive effects of popular culture: • Facilitates common understanding between people from different countries Negative effects of popular culture: • Americanization • Loss of local cultures • Loss of self-identity

  34. Impact & Issues The mass media have also exerted a profound influence on individuals and social groups like the family. This prompts us to examine issues such as:

  35. Impact & Issues The impact and influence of the mass media appear to be paradoxical.

  36. Present & Future The crucial difference between the earlier forms of the mass media and the newer forms is the interaction offered by the latter. • active audience • instant response • mixing of technologies

  37. Present & Future With new Internet technologies, individuals now have greater influence in creating and disseminating information. Some results of this are: • file sharing • blogging • mashing

  38. Present & Future Write, produce, direct, act in and distribute your own movies.

  39. Present & Future A new generation of media consumers has risen demanding content delivered when they want it, how they want it and very much as they want it. Rupert Murdoch

  40. Some References • Media: An Introduction by Adam Briggs and Paul Cobley • Mass Media 04/05, Annual Editions • Mass Media, Opposing Viewpoint Series • www.media-awareness.ca

  41. Familiar Logos ?

  42. Censorship Lecturer: Mrs Patricia Woo

  43. Overview • What is censorship and who censors? • What is censored? • Arguments for and against censorship • Some cases

  44. Censorship –what is it? Censorship – • Supervision and control of the information and ideas circulated within a society. • In modern times, censorship refers to the examination of media for the purpose of altering or suppressing parts thought to be offensive. • The offensive material may be considered • immoral or obscene • heretical or blasphemous • seditious or treasonable • injurious to national security.

  45. Government Censorship Bodies / Committees (eg Board of Film Censors and Censorship Review Committee) Media Development Authority (S’pore) To promote the growth of the media industry. To manage content to protect core values and safeguard consumers' interests. Community Media and Publishing Companies/Independent Media watchdogs Parents Other individuals/Groups/organisations (such as Editors and Producers) at their own discretion (self-censorship) Who Censors?

  46. Censorship-what mediums? • Literature (eg. books, periodicals) • Films/Motion Pictures • Plays • Television • Radio • Internet

  47. Immoral/Obscene materials Violence Explicit Language Nudity Pornography Material that may offend racial / religious sensibilities and cause misunderstanding / conflict Material that may subvert the nation’s security and stability Censorship - what is taken out?

  48. Arguments for Censorship • Protects and upholds public morals • Prevents corruption of young minds • To ensure racial and religious harmony • Reasons of national security (eg. in wartime) • To preserve political institutions (eg. To protect political stands) • Promotes social cohesion

  49. Arguments against Censorship • Destroys the original/artistic value of the film etc • Too Subjective/ hides the truth (news coverage) • No freedom of speech/expression; too restrictive • Violates individual’s right to choose • Not the answer to societal problems (such as drugs and violence) – not a quick fix • Political tool by authoritarian governments

  50. The Local Situation: Some developments • Substantial revamping of censorship laws over the past decade or so. • Censorship laws are more relaxed. For example: • More “controversial plays” are allowed. (Chang and Eng) • Inclusion of the “R” rating which allows previously banned films to come into S’pore. • Allowing M18 rated films to be rented out or sold • New video classification (NC16 & M18) in 2004

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