1 / 14

Chapter 1: Three Worlds Meet

Chapter 1: Three Worlds Meet. Europeans explore and conquer parts of the New World and launch a massive slave trade. NEXT. 1.4 European Societies Around 1492. Political, economic, and intellectual developments in western Europe in the 1400s lead to the Age of Exploration.

trita
Download Presentation

Chapter 1: Three Worlds Meet

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1: Three Worlds Meet Europeans explore and conquer parts of the New World and launch a massive slave trade. NEXT

  2. 1.4 European Societies Around 1492 Political, economic, and intellectual developments in western Europe in the 1400s lead to the Age of Exploration.

  3. I. The European Social Order A. The Social Hierarchy • Communities are organized according to social hierarchy or rank • Monarchs, nobles have wealth, power; at top of hierarchy • Artisans, merchants have social mobility • Majority are peasants, at bottom of hierarchy B. The Family in Society • Life centers on nuclear family—parents and their children • Men do field work, herd; women do child care, house work, field work

  4. II. Christianity Shapes the European Outlook A. Religion • Roman Catholic Church dominates; pope, bishops make decisions • Parish priests interpret scriptures, administer sacraments B. Crusading Christianity • Crusades—Christian military expeditions to take Holy Land, 1096–1270 • Isabella, Ferdinand end reconquista or reconquest of Spain,1492 C. Decline in Church Authority • Reformation—disputes over church practices, authority in the 1500s • Europe divided between Catholicism and Protestantism

  5. III. Changes Come to Europe A. European Situation in 1400s • Recovery from natural disasters, plague, war; millions die B. The Growth of Commerce and Population • Italian city-states profit from trade with Asia, Middle East • Population rebounds: stimulates commerce, growth of towns • Urban middle class gains political power

  6. C. The Rise of Nations • Monarchs collect new taxes, raise armies, maintain bureaucracies • Merchants accept taxes in exchange for protection, expanded trade • Major European powers emerge: Portugal, Spain, France, England D. The Renaissance • Renaissancestarts in Italy—interest in world, human achievement • Investigate physical world; study arts, classics

  7. IV. Europe Enters a New Age of Expansion A. Overland Travel to Asia • Expense, danger of journeys lead to search for alternative route B. Sailing Technology • Navigating instruments, new sailing technology promote exploration C. Portugal Takes the Lead • Prince Henryof Portugal called “Henry the Navigator” - founds sailing school - sends Portuguese ships to explore west coast of Africa • Traders sail around Africa via Indian Ocean; increase profit

  8. 1.5 Transatlantic Encounters Columbus’s voyages set off a chain of events that bring together the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

  9. I. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic A. First Encounters • In 1492, Christopher Columbusattempts to reach Asia by sailing west • MeetsTaino —natives of Caribbean; renames their island San Salvador B. Gold, Land, and Religion • Columbus searches for gold, claims lands for Spain, plants crosses • Explores small islands and coastlines of Cuba, Hispaniola

  10. C. Spanish Footholds • Columbus leads 3 more voyages; takes soldiers, priests, colonists • Spanish and others first occupy Caribbean island, then mainland NEXT

  11. II. The Impact on Native Americans A. Methods of Colonization • Colonization—establishing and controlling distant settlements • Europeans force locals to work, dominate with sophisticated weapons B. Resistance and Conquest • In the 1490s, Spanish put down rebellions on different islands C. Disease Ravages the Native Americans • Native Americans have no natural immunity to European diseases • Contagious diseases kill hundreds of thousands

  12. III. The Slave Trade Begins A. A New Slave Labor Force • As natives die of disease, Africans brought to work in colonies • Demand for workers grows, price of slaves rises • Slave trade becomes profitable; more Europeans join slave trade B. African Losses • African societies devastated: millions of people taken from Africa

  13. IV. The Impact on Europeans A. The Columbian Exchange • Thousands of Europeans voluntarily migrate to America • Columbian Exchange: transfer of plants, animals between hemispheres B. National Rivalries • 1494 Treaty of Tordesillasdivides Western Hemisphere: - lands west of imaginary line, most of Americas, belong to Spain - lands east of line, including Brazil, belong to Portugal • Treaty unenforceable; English, Dutch, French colonize Americas

  14. V. A New Society is Born A. Three Cultures Affect One Another • Columbus returns to Spain (1504), disappointed did not find China • People transformed as unfamiliar customs come together • Impossible to impose European ways on others— blended society emerges

More Related