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Class Notes Psy. 2210 Chapter 5

. . SELF. Self-ConceptSelf-SchemaSelf-EsteemSelf-EfficacySelf-Fulfilling ProphecySelf-AwarenessSelf-MonitoringSelf-Presentation. . . SELF-CONCEPT. Perception of

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Class Notes Psy. 2210 Chapter 5

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    2. SELF Self-Concept Self-Schema Self-Esteem Self-Efficacy Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Self-Awareness Self-Monitoring Self-Presentation

    3. SELF-CONCEPT Perception of “Who am I?” physical (tall, female) skills & competencies (smart, athletic) psychological (beliefs, shy, energetic) social (friendly, popular) groups (club, church)

    4. ORIGINS: SELF-CONCEPT & SELF-ESTEEM LOOKING-GLASS SELF (parents & peers) close relations w/parents +, broad limits, but choices & input +, frequent ridicule & rejection - peer views affect content of self-concept SOCIAL COMPARISON sibs of gifted - children in high-ability schools- differences redheads, minority Various Motives for Comparison SELF-PERCEPTION & INTROSPECTION studious, responsible

    5. SELF PERCEPTION & INTROSPECTION Overjustification. Adding Extrinsic Rewards can Decrease Intrinsic Motivation (prizes for playing math games) Two-Factor Theory of Emotion: Experience Arousal & Interpret Arousal (Schacter Study) (Swinging Bridge)

    6. SELF-SCHEMA A organized knowledge structure about oneself that organizes information and helps understand, explain, and predict one’s own behavior.

    7. SELF-SCHEMA Notice Remember Self-Verification

    9. SCHEMATIC INFORMATION IS MORE EASILY NOTICED

    11. Self Verification: Choosing Interaction Partner who Shares Self-Evaluation

    12. Self Verification: Resisting Discrepant Information

    13. Self Verification: Getting Others to Share One’s Self Concept

    14. Self Verification: Getting Others to Share One’s Self Concept

    15. Two Motives Self-Enhancement: Seeking to Maintain a Positive View of Oneself Self-Verification: Seeking to Confirm One’s Self-Concept When people have low self-esteem, these motives conflict. They choose self-verification if: They are certain of their low evaluation Consequences of false evaluation are great They think they can use the feedback to improve Otherwise, people prefer self-enhancement

    16. SELF-ESTEEM How we feel about ourselves. Feelings about the self that come from our evaluation of our self against some subjective self-ideal. Positive (pride, satisfaction, elation) or Negative (disappointment, dejection, guilt).

    17. Aspects of Self-Esteem How one gets along with others (likable, friendly) Competence (intellectual ability, physical abilities, skills) Physical Attractiveness Personal Goodness (moral, ethical, conscientious)

    18. Self-Esteem Closely Related to Feelings of Relational Value INJURED BY: Romantic Rejection, Expulsion From Family or Group, Failure,Unemployment, Loss of Loved One BOOSTED BY: Praise, Love, Bonding, Admission to Desired Group, Accomplishment More Concern in Western Societies Because of Instability of Relationships

    19. SELF-EFFICACY An optimistic, yet realistic belief in your own possibilities. A sense of competence and self-confidence. More persistent, less anxious, less depressed Students-better grades Insurance Agents-more policy sales, less likely to quit in first year

    20. LACK OF SELF-EFFICACY LEARNED HELPLESSNESS Dogs -lack of control leads to passivity Giving nursing home patients small decisions (breakfast, when to go to movie) & responsibilities (houseplant) -93% increased alertness, activity, & happiness. Prisoners some control (move chairs, control TV, switch lights) - less stress, vandalism, & health problems.

    23. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY (SFP) PYGMALION EFFECT GALATEA EFFECT

    24. SELF-AWARENESS

    25. SELF AWARENESS (CONTROL THEORY)

    26. CONTROL THEORY TRICK OR TREAT MIRROR REDUCES STEALING FROM 50% TO 10% PORNOGRAPHY CLOSER MATCH BETWEEN ATTITUDES & BEHAVIOR WHEN SELF-AWARE AND BEHAVIOR DOESN’T MATCH STANDARDS (FAILED TEST) SUBJECTS LEAVE EXPERIMENT MORE QUICKLY FAILURE TO MATCH STANDARDS LEADS TO NEG. EMOTIONS: DISAPPOINTMENT, SHAME, GUILT, FEAR, EMBARRASSMENT

    27. Creating Impressions Self-Presentation: Conveying who we are (or who we want others to believe we are) to others through words, nonverbal behavior, and actions. Impression Management: Controlling and manipulating our self-presentation in an attempt to create a desired impression

    28. SELF-MONITORING THE DEGREE TO WHICH INDIVIDUALS MONITOR AND REGULATE THEIR BEHAVIOR IN A SOCIAL SITUATION. HIGH-Act in accordance with demands of social setting. See self as pragmatic & flexible. LOW- Act consistently with their traits. See self as principled, acting consistently with values, beliefs, & traits.

    29. High vs Low Car Attraction to others friendships romance disturbed by injury to type of advertisement

    30. SELF-PRESENTATION TACTICS SELF-HANDICAPPING BASKING IN REFLECTED GLORY INGRATIATION INTIMIDATION SELF-PROMOTION EXEMPLIFICATION SUPPLICATION

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