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8.4 – Earth’s layered structure

8.4 – Earth’s layered structure. Mrs. Guzman 2/6/13. How do they know?. Scientists cannot “see” into the interior of the Earth, so they can INFER what is in there based upon studying: T he behavior of earthquake waves (energy) Material from meteroites Experimentation with materials.

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8.4 – Earth’s layered structure

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  1. 8.4 – Earth’s layered structure Mrs. Guzman 2/6/13

  2. How do they know? • Scientists cannot “see” into the interior of the Earth, so they can INFER what is in there based upon studying: • The behavior of earthquake waves (energy) • Material from meteroites • Experimentation with materials

  3. Composition vs. properties

  4. Composition Properties Lower Mantle Source: http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=69

  5. Layers by composition • Crust thin, rocky outer layer. Contains both oceanic (7km) and continental crust (8-75km). Composed of granite and granodiorite • Mantle Solid rocky shell between crust and core. Extends ~ 2890 km. Composed of peridotite • Core Sphere composed mostly of extremely dense iron-nickel alloy

  6. Layers by physical properties • Changes in temperature, pressure, and density with depth that determine how each layer behaves (it’s properties) • Lithosphere = outermost layer. Consists of crust and uppermost mantle. Cool, rigid shell about 100km thick • Asthenosphere = soft, weak layer. Rocks are close to melting and are easily deformed • Lower Mantle = rigid layer from 660km down to the bottom of the mantle. Strong, but capable of being deformed • *Inner and Outer Core • Outer = liquid layer 2260 km thick. Made of metallic iron that creates magnetic field • Inner = radius of 1220 km. High temps, but material is solid due to very high pressure

  7. HOW? • Animation of P and S waves through the interior: • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1009/es1009page01.cfm

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