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Learn about the composition of blood, its functions in the body, and various blood disorders. Explore topics such as plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets, blood clotting, different blood types, and bone marrow transplants.
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Chapter 12 Blood
Blood • Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood • Function of the blood • Transport • Regulatory • Protection
Blood Composition • Plasma • Erythrocytes or red blood cells • Leukocytes or white blood cells • Thrombocytes or platelets
Blood Plasma • Straw colored • Comprises about 55% of the blood volume • Water • 92% of the total volume of plasma • Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen • Albumin • Globulin
Blood Plasma • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes • Metabolic waste products
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells • Occurs in the red bone marrow • Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells • Develop from stem cells
Erythropoiesis • The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) • RBCs live about 120 days • Process of development and breakdown • Normal ranges
Hemoglobin • Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin • Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme • Function of RBCs • Normal ranges • Hemolysis
White Blood Cells (WBCs) • Called leukocytes • Natural defense against injury and disease • Types of leukocytes • Granulocytes • Agranulocytes • Diapedesis • Normal ranges
Types of WBCs – Granulocytes • Made from cells called myeloblasts • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils
Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • B-lymphocytes • T-lymphocytes • Monocytes
Animation – The Blood Click Here to play Blood animation
Inflammation • Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way • Signs and symptoms • Redness • Local heat • Swelling • Pain • The inflammatory process
Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets) • Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process • Normal ranges • Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex
Coagulation • Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin • Prothrombin converts to thrombin • Fibrinogen converts to fibrin • Clot • Clotting time norms
Blood Types • Types • A • B • AB • O • Antigens and antibodies
Blood Types • Agglutination • Recipient and donor matching • Universal donors • RH factors
Blood Norms • Bleeding time • Coagulation time • Hemoglobin count • Platelet count • Prothrombin time
Blood Norms • Sedimentation rate • Red blood cell count • White blood cell count • Cholesterol level
Disorders of the Blood • Anemia • Iron-deficiency anemia • Pernicious anemia • Aplastic anemia • Sickle cell anemia
Disorders of the Blood • Cooley’s anemia • Polycythemia • Embolism • Thrombosis • Hematoma
Disorders of the Blood • Hemophilia • Thombocytopenia • Leukemia • Septicemia • Multiple myeloma
Bone Marrow Transplants • Autologous bone marrow transplant • Allogenic bone marrow transplant • Identical twin • Parent • Unrelated • Umbilical cord
Bone Marrow Transplants • Bone marrow transplant procedure • Engraftment