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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Speech and Music Perception. Perception of Speech Sounds. Paralinguistic information is the nonsemantic content of speech. Identity Mood Intentions. Sounds of Speech. The vocal tract includes the larynx, throat, tongue, teeth, and lips.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Speech and Music Perception

  2. Perception of Speech Sounds • Paralinguistic information is the nonsemantic content of speech. • Identity • Mood • Intentions

  3. Sounds of Speech • The vocal tract includes the larynx, throat, tongue, teeth, and lips. • Vocal folds or vocal chords are contained within the larynx.

  4. Neural Analysis of Speech Sounds • A neurogram is a plot of neural activity. • The primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe is crucially involved in the analysis of speech sounds.

  5. Neural Analysis of Speech Sounds • People who suffer trauma to Wernicke’s area lose the ability to understand vocal speech, although hearing remains intact. • Phonagnosia is a deficit in identifying a familiar speaker while, at the same time, understanding what the speaker is saying.

  6. What Makes It Possible to Understand Speech • Context affects the way stimulus is perceived. • Vision provides context for speech. • McGurk’s effect demonstrates vision’s strong influence on speech perception.

  7. What Makes It Possible to Understand Speech • Disfluency are disruptions in fluid speech such as “you know” and “like.” • Voice intonation, or prosody, is a prime source of information for identifying a speaker based on voice alone.

  8. What Makes It Possible to Understand Speech • Language-based learning impairment (LLI) is an inability for some children to discriminate transient acoustic features associated with speech sounds. • It is possible to ameliorate this problem through simple training regimens.

  9. Music • Music is like nothing else the brain is called on to perceive. • Music perception uses some of the same neural circuits as those involved in language processing, emotional reactions, and cognitive judgments.

  10. Music • Melody contour is the rise and fall in the pitch of successive notes. • Pitch constancy is achieved when the harmonic structure of the notes varies but the perception of the successive pitches of the notes, and therefore the melody, remains constant.

  11. Music • Absolute pitch is the ability to vocally reproduce any musical note requested or to name any note heard. • Relative pitch is the ability to identify tonal intervals accurately. • Amusia is extraordinarily poor pitch discrimination.

  12. Music • Middle C on the piano and the C one octave above it have the same pitch chroma but differ in pitch height. • Meter refers to the global periodicity of musical sounds.

  13. Music • Rhythm refers to the patterning of sounds over time. • There are salient and highly reliable auditory cues specifying emotional content in music that transcends cultural differences in musical style.

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