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Bacteria:

Bacteria:. Classification and Structure. What are the 6 Kingdoms?. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals. We are looking at the first two. Archaebacteria Eubacteria. Classification of Bacteria. Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: Heterotrophs

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Bacteria:

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  1. Bacteria: Classification and Structure

  2. What are the 6 Kingdoms? • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  3. We are looking at the first two • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria

  4. Classification of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: extremists • Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

  5. Archaebacteria • Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

  6. METHANOGENS • These Archaebacteria are anaerobes. They make methane (natural gas) as a waste product. They are found in swamp sediments, sewage, and in buried landfills

  7. HALOPILIES • These are salt-loving Archaebacteria that grow in places like the Great Salt Lake of Utah • dark pink. • The pigment for a type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen. • Aerobic

  8. THERMOPHILIES • These are Archaebacteria from hot springs and other high temperature environments • Anaerobic

  9. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs • Found everywhere • Parasites: live off of other organisms • Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

  10. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Photosynthetic: make their own food from light • Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red • ponds, streams, moist areas

  11. Eubacteria-Photosynthetic • Cyanobacteria

  12. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms on Earth to do modern photosynthesis and they made the first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

  13. BENEFICIAL BACTERIA • Actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as streptomycin

  14. BENEFICIAL • Bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of animals or elsewhere in their bodies. • E. coli

  15. BENEFICIAL • Bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is essential to blood clot formation.

  16. Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread. • Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter. • Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments.

  17. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs • Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen • Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

  18. Structure of Bacteria • Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

  19. Arrangement • Paired: diplo • Grape-like clusters: staphylo • Chains: strepto

  20. Shape • Rod: bacillus • Spheres: coccus • Spirals: spirillum

  21. Examples • Streptococcus: chains of spheres • Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals • Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

  22. GRAM STAINING • The Gram stain, which divides most clinically significant bacteria into two main groups, is the first step in bacterial identification.  • Bacteria stained purple are Gram + - their cell walls have thick petidoglycan • Bacteria stained pink are Gram – their cell walls have have thin peptidoglycan

  23. The Gram stain has four steps: 1. crystal violet, the primary stain: followed by 2. iodine, which acts as a mordant by forming a crystal violet-iodine complex, then 3. alcohol, which decolorizes, followed by 4. safranin, the counterstain GRAM STAINING STEPS

  24. GRAM STAIN POSITIVE • It is one of the most common bacteria isolated frominfections in horses. Like other streptococci, S. zooepidemicus is a Gram positive coccus, meaning that it stains purple with Gram stain

  25. GRAM STAIN POSITIVE • Streptococcus • Pink is gram stain negative bacteria E. coli

  26. GRAM STAIN POSITIVE • Bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax (endospores that can be inhaled, through pores in the skin)

  27. GRAM STAIN NEGATIVE • E. coli

  28. GRAM STAIN NEGATIVE • Spirillium

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