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Eleni Ben. Shani Harry. Ellenna Will W. Jessica Callum. Caitlin. Evan. Ffion . Florence. Finlay Jennifer. Frances Gemma. Morgan Chloe. Amber Will.
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Eleni Ben Shani Harry Ellenna Will W Jessica Callum Caitlin Evan Ffion Florence Finlay Jennifer Frances Gemma Morgan Chloe Amber Will
In groups draw up a list divided into two columns and label one side MASCULINE and the other FEMININE and see what gender codes you can associate with each (Use the headings below to help) • Colours • Clothes • Jobs • Leisure Activities • Physique • Appearance • Strength • Drinks on a Night Out • A Typical Night Out • Typical Character Qualities • Responsibilities in the Home • Favourite Genre of Films
Gender stereotypes and the media To understand how gender stereotypes are used within media
What is representation? • Representation is the way in which the media constructs aspects of ‘real life’ including people, places, events, culture, ethnicity and issue. • The media don’t just present reality they re-present it.
Understanding Representation • We are all guilty of representing ourselves a certain way… think about how you represent yourself on social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook. • Think about the statuses you post and the pages and links you share. What does this say about you?
Miley Cyrus Same person: one year apart. Consider how Miley Cyrus was representing herself in 2012, compared to her representation at the VMAs in 2013.
This is the image on Miley Cyrus’ homepage of her official website. • Look at the visual clues: • Why has this image been chosen? • What does it represent?
Gender Roles-Patriarchy • Traditionally men have held power in our society – this system where men have power and control in society is called patriarchy. • Patriarchy = society run by men for men
The result of this is that traditionally male qualities and attributes have generally been seen to be superior to female attributes. Consider, for example, the fact that traditionally it was the eldest son who inherited – even if he had several older sisters!
This was (and sometimes still is!) reflected in the media, as most media companies were run by men! • Masculinity was often represented in ways that were shown to be superior to feminine qualities. Men were often shown to be more important and powerful than women. • Women were often shown in roles that suited men and which kept them from challenging men for power. • In other words, the media showed men and women how men wanted them to be!
Representations of Gender GQ= Gentleman’s Quarterly The 15th Annual Men of the Year awards special issue
List some typical action films – think about the typical roles assigned to men and women? How do these link to patriarchal ideas about gender?
Compare the representations of the two genders in the sources provided. • What point is being made in the articles? • What portrayal of women and men is being conveyed?
What is the Gaze? The concept of gaze is one that deals with how an audience views the people presented. For feminists it can be thought of in 3 ways: • How men look at women, • How women look at themselves • How women look at other women.
Gaze and feminist theory Laura Mulvey coined the term ‘Male Gaze’ in 1975. She believes that in film audiences have to ‘view’ characters from the perspective of a heterosexual male. This theory is now applied to a range of media texts.
Features of the Male Gaze The camera lingers on the curves of the female body, and events which occur to women are presented largely in the context of a man's reaction to these events. Relegates women to the status of objects. The female viewer must experience the narrative secondarily, by identification with the male.
Suddenly it wasn’t unusual for women to: • Have a serious career • Wear trousers • Smoke, drink and swear • Play football • Downplay the domestic goddess role Roles that had previously been traditionally allocated to men.
Propp’s Theory • Vladimir Propp, a Russian critic, active in the 1920’s, published his Morphology of the Folk Tale in 1928. While the Soviet cinema was producing excellent films, Propp was essentially interested in the narrative of folk tales. He noticed:Folk tales were similar in many areas. They were about the same basic struggles and they appeared to have stock characters. He identified a theory about characters and actions as narrative functions. Characters, according to Propp, have a narrative function; they provide a structure for the text.Characters that perform a functionThe Hero – a character that seeks somethingThe Villain – who opposes or actively blocks the hero’s questThe Donor – who provides an object with magical propertiesThe Dispatcher – who sends the hero on his/her quest via a messageThe False Hero – who disrupts the hero’s success by making false claimsThe Helper – who aids the heroThe Princess – acts as the reward for the hero and the object of the villain’s plotsHer Father – who acts to reward the hero for his effort
The New Man • This man is metrosexual: • A family man • Slightly feminine but still clean shaven and in touch with his emotions.
Analyse this image for the Mise-En-Scene/type of shot Remember, the mise-en-scene includes: costume/make up, lighting, special effects, props, character interactions(facial expressions etc).
https://vimeo.com/122527721 • Discuss the ways in which the extract constructs the representation of gender using the following: • Camera shots, angles, movement and composition • Editing • Sound • Mise-en-scène. Make notes on what you could talk about in a response to this question.
Now use the mark scheme • Look at the suggested context page and highlight on the sheet which points you had spotted. • You may have some ideas which are not mentioned there and that is fine. Just because they are not included doesn’t mean they are not valid.
Look at the example response • Read their response and highlight on the response any point they make which is included on the appropriate content page we just used. • Use the mark scheme to decide what marks you would give this candidate out of 50.
Now PEE “The candidate’s opening paragraph begins with good knowledge and understanding, but contains unnecessary contextual information. An area for development would be to begin examining the extract from the outset of the essay. There is knowledgeable discussion awarded under EAA of gender representation. It would be better to start the essay from paragraph two.
