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Time periods in context. Renaissance 1450 -1600 Baroque period 1600-1750 Classical period 1760 – 1810 Romantic period 1810 -1910 “20 th Century” music up to the present day. Renaissance 1450 -1600. Studied at Higher level When Music gradually evolved from Modal to modern tonality.
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Time periods in context • Renaissance 1450 -1600 • Baroque period 1600-1750 • Classical period 1760 – 1810 • Romantic period 1810 -1910 • “20th Century” music up to the present day
Renaissance 1450 -1600 • Studied at Higher level • When Music gradually evolved from Modal to modern tonality
Baroque period 1600-1750 • Birth of Opera • Orchestral music • Invention of violin and modern string family • Counterpoint (Polyphony) • The Harpsichord is King • Birth of Concerto • Composers: • Bach • Handel • Vivaldi
Classical period 1760 -1810
Classical Period • Concerto and opera continue • New forms • Symphony • Sonata • New Instruments • Piano takes over from harpsichord • Clarinet becomes part of the orchestra • Composers: • Haydn 1732 -1809 • Mozart 1756 -1791
Chamber music • Music to be played in a room rather than a concert hall • Solo or small numbers of instruments e.g. Piano sonata or string quartet
Chamber music • Piano sonata • Sonata is framework/ plan for most non vocal music in Classical music • 3 or 4 movements • Fast • Slow • (optional dance like minuet) • Fast • Mozart K545
Mozart Piano Sonata in C K545 • Points to look for: • Light texture • Alberti bass • Broken chords • Arpeggio • Ornaments – trills and grace notes • Modulation • Cadences
Mozart Piano Sonata in C K545 trill ascending /descending scales Alberti Bass modulation Arpeggios broken chords Grace notes Accaciaturas Perfect cadence
Key signatures reminder G • “That’s Sharp!” • “For Flat!” • “I can’t any sharps!” F C
String Quartet • The string quartet consists of 4 parts/ instruments: • Violin 1 • Violin 2 • Viola • Cello • The sound is visceral, expressive and the timbre hard-edged because only one instrument is playing each part
String orchestra • A string orchestra consists of just string instruments. There are 5 main sections • Each of these 5 parts play in unison • Both the overall effect is of lush harmony • Violin 1 (First violins) • Violin 2 (second Violins) • Violas • Cellos • Double basses
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik • This music is in 3 movements • Allegro • Andante • Presto • The first movement is in Sonataform: • Exposition • Two themes/keys are stated • Development • The themes are developed by being broken up or turned upside down played in different keys • Recapitulation • The themes are stated again in their original form but both in the home key of the movement
Describe violin 1 part on bar 1 beat 1 • Describe melody at bar 2 • What is the name of the ornament here? • Last two bars line 4 describe rhythm • Describe rhythm • Staccato A -what is this called? • Describe melody • Doublestopping 1 2 BrokenChord Fanfare 3 4 trill 5 dotted 6 syncopated 7 (inverted) pedal Sequence
Alberti bass Broken chord accompaniment Broken chords Chord notes played separately Arpeggio Broken chord spanning an octave Relativeminor Minor key that shares same key signature as a major key Sequence Repeating pattern which ascends or descends Fanfare Call to attention usually in unison and using arpeggios Doublestopping Playing two strings with the bow at once Staccato Short and detached Legato smoothly Crescendo Getting louder Diminuendo Getting softer Pedal Held or repeating note above which chords change Inverted pedal Pedal note is at the top Countermelody Tune which goes along with the main one in harmony Descant Countermelody above the main tune Concepts check
