1 / 37

Sarcomas

Sarcomas. Perspectives and Background. Sarcomas: Themes. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous collection of diseases and families of diseases Individual diseases/families may be defined molecularly and a molecular derangement characterizes each tumor type (usually)

truly
Download Presentation

Sarcomas

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sarcomas Perspectives and Background

  2. Sarcomas:Themes • Sarcomas are a heterogeneous collection of diseases and families of diseases • Individual diseases/families may be defined molecularly and a molecular derangement characterizes each tumor type (usually) • Molecular derangement supersedes histomorphology in defining disease • Unlikely that characteristic molecular derangement is the entire story • Prototypic diseases which span the child/young adult age range

  3. Distribution of Common Pediatric Malignancies

  4. The Sarcomas • Osteosarcoma • Ewing family of tumors • Ewing sarcoma of bone and soft tissue • Peripheral Primitive neuroectodermal tumor • Soft tissue sarcomas • Non-rhabdomyosarcoma STS • Rhabdomyosarcoma • Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma • Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma • Other variants

  5. Five Year Survival Rates Among Children with Sarcomas: Improvement Over Time From: Arndt C and Crist W. N Engl J Med 341:342-352, 1999

  6. Osteosarcoma: Distribution by Site, Age, and Sex From: Dahlin DC, Unni KK. Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 8542 Cases (ed 4). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1986

  7. Molecular Derangements in Osteosarcoma • Mutations in RB gene (inactivation) • Mutations in p53 (inactivation) • MDM2 amplification (and thus inactivation of p53) • Over-expression of HER2/erbB-2 No single molecular derangement defines osteosarcoma

  8. Multi-Institutional Osteosarcoma Study (1981-1986): Outcome of All Patients Treated with Chemotherapy

  9. Intergroup Osteosarcoma Study (1993-1997):Event-Free Survival for all Patients

  10. Metastatic Osteosarcoma: Outcome 100 80 60 Probability (%) 40 Survival 20 Event-free survival 0 0 4 7 6 1 3 2 5 Years followed

  11. Ewing Sarcoma: Distribution by Site, Age and Sex From: Dahlin DC, Unni KK. Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 8542 Cases (ed 4). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1986

  12. Molecular Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma From: Arndt C and Crist W. N Engl J Med 341:342-352, 1999

  13. The 11;22 Translocation And The Family of Ewing’s Sarcomas • Reciprocal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12) • Found consistently in bone and soft tissue Ewings, PNET, Askin tumors • Unifying diagnostic criterion for Ewing’s family of tumors • EWS (RNA binding protein) fused to FLI-1 or ERG (transcription factors of the ETS family) • Translocation results in a tumor-associated fusion gene • Fusion transcript present in > 95% of tumors of Ewings family

  14. Effect of Presence of Metastases on EFS

  15. EFS for All Non-Metastatic Patients by Location

  16. EFS for Non-Metastatic Patients by Age

  17. Rhabdomyosarcoma

  18. Age

  19. Common Histiotypes of Rhabdomyosarcoma

  20. Survival by Histology

  21. Gene Fusions with Novel Chimeric Protein Products Activation of aberrant gene program t(2;13)(q35;q14) PAX3 FKHR Malignant transformation Chromosome 2 Chromosome 13

  22. Genetic Features of Rhabdomyosarcoma • Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma • Associated with inactivation of tumor suppressor gene located at 11p15.5 • Cases with hyperdiploid DNA content associated with better outcome • Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma • Cases with tetraploid DNA content fare poorly • Characteristic reciprocal translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14) • Results in fusion of PAX3 (transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during embryogenesis) to FKHR (member of the forkhead family of transcription factors) • Infrequently, t(1;13)(p36;q14) involving PAX7 and FKHR

  23. Overall Survival: Metastatic Patients Only 1.0 0.9 0.8 PAX7 0.7 0.6 0.5 Global : p = 0.0026 PAX3 vs PAX7: p = 0.0015 Proportion Negative 0.4 PAX3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Overall survival (years)

  24. Failure-free Survival of Patients with Local/Regional Rhabdomyosarcoma on IRS-IV by Chemotherapy Regimen 1.0 0.9 0.8 VIE 0.7 VAC VAI 0.6 Failure-free Survival 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Log Rank Test: p=0.52 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Years

  25. Sites 7% Orbit 28% Head & Neck 11% Trunk 2% Intrathoracic 2% GI-Hepatic 6% Retroperitoneum 18% GU 2% Perineum-Anus 24% Extremities

  26. Failure-free Survival, IRS-IV for Patients with Local/Regional Tumors by Primary Site 1.0 0.9 Orbit GU non-B/P 0.8 H & N GU B/P 0.7 Extremity PM 0.6 Other Failure-free Survival 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Log Rank Test: p<0.001 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Years

  27. Tumor Histologic Subgroup Distribution by Age Group p<0.001

  28. Disease Stage Distribution by Age Group p<0.001

  29. Results of Univariate Analysis • Adolescents (>10 years) more often have*: • alveolar tumors (p<0.001) • tumors arising in extremity or paratestis sites (p=0.001) • large tumors (>5 cm, p<0.001) • invasive tumors (i.e. T2, p=0.007) • + regional nodes (i.e. N1, p<0.001) • metastatic disease (p<0.001) • unfavorable tumor stage (p<0.001) *compared to children (1 to 9 yrs of age)

  30. Estimated Relative Risk of Failure by Age Group(Cox Proportional Hazards Model)

  31. The Common Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Children • Rhabdomyosarcoma • Soft tissue Ewing/PNET • Synovial Sarcoma • Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor • Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma • Sarcoma NOS • Leiomyosarcoma • Fibrosarcoma • Clear cell sarcoma • Epithelioid sarcoma • Liposarcoma

  32. Molecular Diagnosis of Sarcomas

  33. Outcome of Children with Localized Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas From Pratt C et al J Clin Oncol 17:1219, 1999

  34. Considerations of Linking Studies of Sarcomas • Diseases occur in children, adolescents and young adults (excluding non-rhabdo STS) • Diseases in adults and children may be similar on a molecular level • But, heterogeneity even within major subclasses of sarcomas • Histopathological • Biological • Other significant molecular derangements and differences in gene expression likely • Limited numbers of patients • Relatively high cure rate with current therapy limits subjects available for experimental therapies Therefore: Combine efforts among adult and pediatric patients where the disease appears to be a continuum encompassing pediatric and young adults

  35. Challenges in Linking Studies in Children and Adults • Older patients fare less well in all varieties of sarcoma • ?True age-related biological differences • Older age associated with higher risk features and more advanced disease • Age remains independently prognostic • ?Differences in host tolerance for therapy • ?Difference in compliance with intensive therapies • ?Differences in physician compliance with intensive therapies • Mindset of medical v. pediatric oncologists

  36. Novel Targets for Biological Agents in Sarcomas • Osteosarcoma • Her2 via herceptin • PDGF signal transduction pathway blockade via STI-571 • Agents which target p53 and Rb • Rhabdomyosarcoma • PAX/FKHR fusion gene products • Ewing family • EWS/FLI1 and EWS/ERG fusion gene products • Stem cell factor/c-kit signal transduction pathwayblockade via STI-571 • Desmoplastic Small Round Cell tumor • PDGF signal transduction pathway blockade via STI-571 • Other Soft Tissue Sarcomas • Products of associated fusion genes

More Related