Colonial Latin America

1. Colonial Latin America

2. What is imperialism? Is it the “natural state” of humankind to want to dominate one another? Warm Up

3. Students will compare two conquistadors: Cortes & Pizarro. Students will analyze the political, economic and social impact of colonialism on Latin America. Students will evaluate the lasting impact imperialism has had on the region of Latin America. Here is the plan…

4. Latin America had a number of diverse cultures and great civilizations, most especially the Aztec (Mexico) and Inca (Peru). Prior to Colonization

5. The Aztecs

6. Let’s take a look back at the major world changes between 1492-1570 Era of Conquest www.desotohq.com--Hernando DeSoto society

7. Pizarro • Incas had just emerged from a civil war. • Military technology • Diseases • Used trickery to capture and kill the Inca emperor.

8. Cortes • Moctezuma felt he was the god-king Quetzalcoatl. • Allied with the Aztecs enemies. • Smallpox and other diseases. • Military technology

9. Which way did they go???? • Chocolate • Pigs • Rice • Slaves • Maize (corn) • Bananas • Religion • Chili Peppers • Potato • Tomato • Wheat • Rice • Smallpox • Horses • Peanuts • Pineapples

10. Columbian Exchange

11. Demographic (Population) Changes

12. Analyze the impact… Smallpox is a disease that has been successfully eradicated - the last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. With recent world events and the biological warfare threat, this conquered disease has again risen to the forefront of public health. Smallpox is a highly contagious skin disease that can result in death.

13. Hero or Villain?

14. Characterized by 3 things… An agricultural body with a silver heart A Powerful Roman Catholic Church A Social Class system based on race/occupation Spanish America

15. Although Spanish America was an Ag society, mining (silver) was essential Colonial Econ & Gov

16. Sugar plantations/silver mines Large rural estates (haciendas) replace encomiendas Colonial Economy

17. Hacienda = rural estate owned by Spanish families & worked by natives → base of local aristocracy • Source of competition w/ native Ag villages Haciendas & Villages Industry & Commerce • America becomes self-sufficient except for luxuries • American silver key to Spanish commerce • Heavily regulated, Fleet system developed • Spanish silver envied, but much goes to wars, Chinese luxuries, & debts

18. 1 of 2 Ruling an Empire: State King Council of Indies Viceroy of New Spain Viceroy of Peru Audiencias Local Bureaucrats

19. 2 of 2 Acted as a ruling force in colonies Church & missionaries established ideological & intellectual framework Ruling an Empire: Church

20. Acculturation • Syncretic religions are blends of different belief systems such as Animist and Christianity. • Virgin of Guadalupe

21. Acculturation • Europeans begin to “intermingle” with indigenous peoples often through rape (forced acculturation) to produce a new racial classifications.

22. Mestizos

23. Mestizo and Mestiza, Mestizo, c. 1770

24. Spaniard and Mestiza Produce a Castiza, c. 1770

25. Black and Spaniard Makes Mulatto, c. 1780. Mulattoes

26. Miguel Cabrera [Mexican], From Spaniard and Mulatto, Morisca, 1763

27. Unknown artist [Mexican], From Indian and Mestiza, Coyote, c. 1760-70 Native Americans

28. Black and Indian Makes Wolf. Zambos (wolves)

29. Diego Rivera, "Colonial Domination" Slaves

32. Lasting Impact • The region of Latin America still has strong ties to Europe because of the era of Imperialism. • Language • Religion

33. Lasting Impact • Populations in Europe and Asia exploded in part due to the abundance of new foods available. • Can you imagine Italian food without the tomato? How about the Irish without the potato?

34. Unfair social systems and unequal land distribution will lead to revolts in the 18th century and 19th century against European rule. Even though Latin American countries will gain political independence, they will still be economically dependent on Europe. What’s Ahead…