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NE 301 - Introduction to Nuclear Science Spring 2012

NE 301 - Introduction to Nuclear Science Spring 2012. Classroom Session 1: Homework #0 Radioactive Types Radioactive Decay and Growth Isotopes and Decay Diagrams Nuclear Reactions Energy of nuclear reactions Neutron Cross Sections Activation Calculations. Solution to Homework #0.

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NE 301 - Introduction to Nuclear Science Spring 2012

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  1. NE 301 - Introduction to Nuclear ScienceSpring 2012 Classroom Session 1: Homework #0 Radioactive Types Radioactive Decay and Growth Isotopes and Decay Diagrams Nuclear Reactions Energy of nuclear reactions Neutron Cross Sections Activation Calculations

  2. Solution to Homework #0 • Please bring clickers to class. We will start next session to collect points. • Please bring calculators. • Get in pairs, feel free to talk across tables. • Time on task please. I want everybody working to get answers.

  3. What is atomic and molecular weight? What is the difference between the two concepts? Weight of an atom vs. weight of a molecule. Both can be given in: AMU or grams/mole

  4. Example: What is the molecular mass of Uranil Sulfate (UO2SO4)? M(UO2SO4)= MU+6*MO+MS M(UO2SO4)= MU+6*MO+MS = = 238.029 g/mol + 6* 15.999 g/mol + 32.066 M(UO2SO4) = 366.089 g/mol or amu REMEMBER: If nothing else is said, masses are natural isotope mixtures.

  5. 2. Define the Avogadro’s number according to your own understanding. • Think of a dozen, but 6.022e23 instead. • What is the weight of a mol of H2 molecules? • What is the weight of a mol of Hatoms? • What is the weight of a mol of electrons?

  6. 3. Explain the difference between mass density () and atom density (N)  = m / V N = # atoms / V Why atomic density is important in nuclear engineering? Nuclear reactions are a collision Rxn. Rate = N  

  7. 4. What is the atom density of oxygen in water? ( = 1 g/cm3, M = 18 g/mol). What is the atom density of hydrogen in water? Density of oxygen atoms: Density of hydrogen atoms: What is the density of water molecules in water?

  8. 5. Cylinder with a diameter and height of 10 cm weights 15.16 kg. What is it likely made out of? • Google it! 10 cm 10 cm

  9. 6. What is the classical formula for kinetic energy? How much kinetic energy has a baseball traveling at 100mph in Joules? How much would it cost to buy that amount of electrical energy (assume 10¢/kW-h) • Google mass of baseball = 5oz • Quad-Lock Unit Converter (or some such) J W.s =0.0004 ¢

  10. 7. How much energy in Joules is there in a proton if we could convert it entirely in energy using Einstein equation (E=mc2)? How much is that in KW-h? • Either kg  mc2 J  kW-h • Or MeV  J  kW-h How many protons Callaway convert by fission a day (3,700 MW of installed capacity)?

  11. 8. The average mass of potassium in the human body is ~140g. What is the activity (Bq) of 40K in the body? A=N. T1/2=1.27e9 y The natural abundance of 40K is: 0.0117 %, so N for 40K

  12. 9.The activity of a radioisotope is found to decrease by 35% in one week. What are the values of its:(a) decay constant (days-1)(b) half life (days)(c) mean life(days)?

  13. 11. How many atoms are there in a 1.00 MBq source of (a) 24Na (b) 238U 24Na T1/2=15.020 h 238U T1/2=4.468x109 y Notice that equally active sources can have vastly different masses (14 orders of magnitude) depending on half-life. Short-lived isotopes are a lot more active than long-lived ones.

  14. Nuclear Science

  15. Atomic and Nuclear Nomenclature • X element symbol (H, He, Na, Xe, U, etc.) represents the number of charges in the nucleus (thus electrons, thus chemical behavior). • A= Mass number = protons + neutrons = Nucleons. • Z= atomic number = protons. • X and Z are redundant and normally we only write AX. e.g. 235U, 16O, 3H, 14C

  16. Chart of the Nuclides Isobars Isotopes Z Isotones N

  17. Isobars = A

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