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. The Rights Society. Have you a complaint today?(UK city council employee notice). So many student rights from so many placescontract, tort, statute, public law and OIA
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1. TOO MANY RIGHTS AND NOT ENOUGH RESOLUTIONAdrian Slater These slides and related presentation do not constitute legal advice. Specific legal advice should be taken before acting on any topics covered.
3. So many student rights from so many places
contract, tort, statute, public law and OIA “fairness”
awareness amongst academics limited
Some academics think formal process not a right way of dealing with plagiarism cases
Freedom of academic judgment but most mistakes are in process
4. Advanced written notice of the process to be followed
Advanced written notice of the grounds of case against
Ability to review in advance the relevant evidence (written statements, all the evidence, unhelpful evidence as well?)
Reasonable time to prepare defence (what is reasonable?)
Right to be heard at a hearing in a reasonable period of time
Those judging not bias and have no conflicts of interest (“no judge in his own cause”)
Right to representation/supporter (legal representation?)
5. Right to test the evidence in the hearing (cross examination of witnesses?)
Right to record the hearing (tape recordings?)
Right to judgment in a reasonable period of time
Right to be given reasons for judgment (how much detail)
Penalties to be fair and proportionate (tariffs and fines)
Right to appeal (review of process or “start again”?)
Proportionality and flexibility of rights!
6. Students not allowed to see all relevant evidence
Surprise evidence introduced at the last moment
Mishandling of dealing with connected issues e.g. harassment
Inconsistent penalties at local level
appropriate plea bargaining and informal deals
Recording of offence and mentioning in references
Misunderstandings as to burden and standard of proof
7. Burden of proof – which side has to prove guilt?
generally with the University/School in cases of plagiarism
Standard of proof – level of proof required to discharge the burden of proof
reasonable grounds
balance of probabilities
beyond reasonable doubt
Appropriate standard of proof in plagiarism cases?
more serious a case more evidence needed (R v Mental Health Tribunal (Northern Region))
8. When is a discussion informal or formal?
When is confidentiality implied?
an alcoholic model, a small welsh wedding and a sadomasochistic celebrity!
What do you say to the student about the status of your chat and when does it go formal/non-confidential?
9. Case study
Third year student Ralph has come for a coffee for a “off the record” chat.
Ralph tells you in his first year significant parts of one of his essays was plagiarised but he would never do it again and has learned his lesson.
Ralph says one of his present student collaborators is plagiarising other student’s work. He would like something doing about it but he is scared and would not “come forward” and “would deny everything if asked”.
10. Data Protection Act
fair and lawful processing
keeping secure and access on “need to know basis”
student access to student data
retention for only as long as is necessary
References
warning the student of consequences for a reference
references must be accurate and fair
what about informal warnings and suspicions?
11. “In many cases it may be a good thing for the proceedings to be conducted informally without legal representation. Justice can often be done better in them by a good layman than by a bad lawyer…A domestic tribunal is not entitled to lay down an absolute rule: “we will never allow anyone to have a lawyer to appear for him” (Per Lord Denning in Enderby Town Football Club Limited v Football Association Ltd)”
Article 6 of ECHR provides right to fair and public hearing but no express right for legal representation
The difficult “supporters”
12. Recent movements
Kulkarni v Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
R v The Governors of X School
Some influential factors
seriousness of case and consequences
ability of student to present own case (disability?)
“equality of arms”
how technical are the arguments?
how much and how lengthy is the evidence?
is credibility of the witnesses an issue?
13. Data Protection Act/Human Rights Act/confidentiality
the parents do not have an automatic right to know
get student’s consent to communication with parents
Dealing with aggressive parents
Parents as supporters/advocates in hearings
14. Student friendly guides on process (step guides)
Be flexible on rights
Briefing/crib sheets/templates/checklists for departments
Tariffs (indicative)
Get yourself experts – plagiarism tsars
Training