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Nervous System

Nervous System. The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is Neurology . Doctors who study it are called Neurologists . The basic unit of the nervous system is the Neuron which consists of two parts. The body(gray) matter which is called the Nerve Cell .

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System • The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is Neurology. • Doctors who study it are called Neurologists.

  2. The basic unit of the nervous system is the Neuron which consists of two parts. • The body(gray) matter which is called the Nerve Cell. • And the long fibers extending from the body called the processes • Axons or Dendrites (white matter)

  3. The central nervous system is often referred to as the Cerebro-Spinal System, and has 3 main functions • 1. Control Consciousness • 2. control the voluntary functions of the 5 senses • 3. control voluntary muscle actions

  4. The nervous system is further divided into the: • 1. Autonomic: which consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and controls the involuntary body functions. • 2. Peripheral: which carries messages to and from the CNS.

  5. The nervous system has 3 principle parts: • 1. brain • 2. spinal cord • 3. Nerves

  6. The brain is the control center of the body. It receives internal and external messages, and then responds by sending messages controlling the body’s activities.

  7. The brain is divided into 3 parts, each part controlling different activities • 1. Cerebrum: • The largest part. • Controls senses, thoughts, memory learning, voluntary muscles

  8. 1 Gyrus rectus 2 Superior frontal gyrus 3 Cingulategyrus 4 Cingulatesulcus 5 Paracentralsulcus 6 Central sulcus 7 Precuneus 8 Cuneus 9 Lingual gyrus

  9. 1 Frontal pole 2 Temporal pole 3 Olfactory tract & sulcus 4 Orbital gyri 5 Gyrus rectus 6 Inferior temporal sulcus 7 Inferior temporal gyrus 8 Occipitotemporalsulcus 9 Fusiformgyrus 10 Collateral sulcus 11 Lingual gyrus 12 Uncus 13 Calcarinesulcus

  10. 1 Central sulcus 2 Precentralgyrus 3 Postcentralgyrus 4 Precentralsulcus 5 Postcentralsulcus 6 Middle frontal gyrus 7 Superior frontal gyrus 8 Superior parietal lobule 9 Occipital gyri 10 Longitudinal fissure

  11. 2. Cerebellum: • In the back of the brain • Controls body movements and balance

  12. 1 Cerebral peduncle 2 Basilar groove 3 Olive 4 Pyramid 5 Trigeminal nerve 6 Abducent nerve

  13. 3. Medulla: (the smallest part) • Thick stalk at base of skull, connects brain to spinal cord. • Controls vital involuntary functions (breathing, digestion, heartbeat) , and sneezing and blinking.

  14. 1 Anterior median fissure 2 Olive 3 Pyramids 4 Cerebellum

  15. The brain is covered by 3 Meninges • 1. Pia Mater: covers brain and spinal cord. • The first, innermost layer • 2. Dura Mater: • the outermost and toughest layer • 3. Arachnoid Mater • Middle layer, web like.

  16. If the meninges become infected with a virus or bacteria, a serious condition called Meningitis results.

  17. The spinal cord is the main passageway for the transmission of messages to and from all other parts of the body. • Nerves are long, white cords made of cell processes that carry messages from one part of the body to another.

  18. Nerves are divided into 3 types • 1. Sensory (aka Afferent) • Carries messages to brain from sense organs • 2. Motor (aka efferent) • Carries messages from brain to muscle • 3. Mixed • Combination of sensory and motor nerves

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