What is Biology?

1. What is Biology? Lesson Objectives: - Identify the goal of science - Describe how scientists study the natural world - Explain how and why scientists do experiments - Describe types of scientific investigations - Explain what a scientific theory is

2. Introduction • Think about comparison-shopping and what is involved in the process. • How is comparison-shopping similar to science? Both involve posing questions, making observations, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions

3. True or False • 1. There is a single scientific method that all scientists follow. • 2. Science is based only on data and involves no creativity. • 3. Without an experiment, a study is not scientific. • 4. Scientific ideas are always changing so they can’t be trusted. • 5. Scientific data can prove that hypotheses are true or false. All of the above statements are common misconceptions of science.

4. What is Science? • Science is a systematic way of investigating the natural world • Science begins by making observations and asking questions • Questioning the natural world • Explain nature and analyzelife’squestions

5. Purpose of Science • Make important breakthroughs and discoveries • Understand and improve our lives • Show our impact on the world around us

6. Impacts of Science • Medicine • Technology • Agriculture • Forensics • Genomics

7. Can Science Change? • Scientific knowledge is NOT absolute truth • Reliant on REVIEW and can be subject to CHANGE • Example: Periodic Table (addition of new elements)

8. Steps to the Scientific Method • State the Problem • Form a Hypothesis • Experimentation • Collecting and Measuring Data • Interpreting Data (Constructing Graphs) • Draw Conclusions • Publish findings

9. 1. State the ProblemBased on OBSERVATIONS

10. INFERENCES:logical assumptions based on observations by using prior knowledge

11. 2. Form a Hypothesis “Why is this event happening?” - Educated guess - Possible answer to your question - TESTABLE - Written as an “If…then…” statement

12. 3. Experimentation • Way to test the hypothesis • Independent Variable: scientist changes (manipulated) • Dependent Variable: scientist observes and measures (responding) • Control: used for comparison; remains the same; no change • So, independent variable influences change in the dependent variable • Repeated trials to ensure accurate data

14. 4. Collecting and Measuring Data • Qualitative Data: characteristics, physical traits, words • Quantitative Data: numbers, quantities, how many?

15. 5. Interpret Data • Types of Graphs: 1. Line Graph – shows a relationship between IV and DV

16. a. Types of Graphs: 2. Bar Graph – shows a comparison between IV and DV

17. Types of Graphs: 3. Pie Graph – shows percentages; must add up to 100%

18. Graphs must have: Title Key Labeled Axes X Axis  IV Y Axis  DV

19. 6. Draw Conclusions • Use data to make summaries • Discussion of problems with experiment • Discussions of options for future experiments

20. 7. Publish Findings Publish in scientific journals so other scientists can evaluate your findings.

21. Remember… • Start with a question • Determine a possible solution • Test your question • Draw conclusions based on your findings • Let others know your findings

22. Theory and Law • Scientific Theory • A hypothesis that has been supported by multiple scientists’ experiments in multiple locations • NOT PROVEN • Example: Theory of Evolution, Big Bang Theory • A Scientific Law • A description of what we find happening in nature over and over again in a certain way • Example: Law of gravity, Newton’s laws of motions

23. What is Biology? • Biologyis the study of living and once living organisms • “Bio”-life • “-ology”-study of

24. What do Biologists study? • The interactions of life • The interactions with the environment • They study problems and propose solutions (examples: medical treatment, disease prevention, etc.)

25. What makes a living thing alive? • What do you think are the most important characteristics of ALL living organisms?

26. What are the living things in the picture below?

27. There are 8 characteristics of Life: • Cellular Organization • Reproduction • Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy) • Homeostasis • Heredity • Responsiveness • Growth and Development • Adapt Through Evolution

28. Cellular Organization: Cell------Smallest unit capable of all life functions Unicellular-composed of one cell Ex: Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium, euglena Multicellular- composed of many cells Ex: Humans

29.  All Living Things Reproduce Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Asexual Reproduction • A single parent organism reproducing by itself

30. Sexual Reproduction • Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information • Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

31.  All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

32.  Metabolism The total of all chemical reactions in an organism

33.  All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life • Body temperature • Blood volume • pH balance • Water balance

34.  All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

35.  All Living Things Respond to Their Environment • Organisms react to stimuli: • Light • Temperature • Odor • Sound • Gravity • Heat • Water • Pressure An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light

36.  All Living Things Grow Growth means to get bigger in size

37.  All Living Things Develop Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism

38.  All Living Things Adapt to Their Environment Through Evolution Adaptation • A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment • Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

39. An Example of Adaptation Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

40. Characteristics of Life • Cellular Organization • Reproduction • Metabolism • (Obtain and Use Energy) • Homeostasis • Heredity • Responsiveness • Growth and Development • Adapt Through Evolution

41. Lab Safety: Everyone Is Responsible! Safety In the Science Lab Rules and Symbols Lumberton High School

42. Safety First • Science is a hands-on laboratory class. • Safety in the science classroom is the #1 priority. • These safety rules must be followed at all times.

43. General Safety Guidelines • Follow all instructions carefully. • Be Responsible at All Times. No horseplay, etc. • Do not play with, touch or use the lab equipment until instructed to do so. • Food, drink, and gum are not allowed in the science classroom. Lab Safety: Everyone Is Responsible!

44. General Safety Guidelines • Notify the teacher immediately of any accidents or unsafe conditions in the science classroom! • Keep the science room clean and organized. • Wash your hands with soap and water after experiments. Lab Safety: Everyone Is Responsible!

45. Safety Symbols Eye Protection • Wear safety goggles when working with chemicals, flames, or heating devices. • If a chemical gets in your eye, flush in water for 15 minutes and notify the teacher. Sharp Objects • When using knifes or other sharp objects always walk with the points facing down. • Cut away from fingers and body. Electrical Safety • Do not place a cord where someone can trip over it. • Never use electricity around water. • Unplug all equipment before leaving the room.

46. Safety Symbols Animal Safety • Only handle living organisms with teacher permission. • Always treat living organisms humanely. • Wash your hands after handling animals. Heating Safety • Tie back hair and loose clothes when working with open flames. • Never look into a container as you are heating it.

47. Safety Symbols Chemical Safety • Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed by the teacher. Hand Safety • If a chemical spills on your skin, notify the teacher and rinse with water for 15 minutes. Plant Safety • Do not eat any plants in lab.

48. Safety Equipment • Fire Extinguisher • Fire Blanket To operate the fire extinguisher remember P-A-S-S P- Pull the Pin A-Aim the hose at the base of the fire from 5-6 feet away. S-Squeeze the handle. S-Sweep the hose back and forth across the fire. On Fire? REMEMBER: Stop, Drop, & Roll

49. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

50. What’s Wrong With This Picture?