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AIM: How does the Immune System work?

AIM: How does the Immune System work?. DO NOW: questions HOMEWORK: Immune projects. The presence of parasites in an animal will usually result in an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis

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AIM: How does the Immune System work?

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  1. AIM: How does the Immune System work? DO NOW: questions HOMEWORK: Immune projects

  2. The presence of parasites in an animal will usually result in an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis the death of the host organism within twenty-four hours an increase in genetic mutation rate in the host organism

  3. Which statement best describes an immune response? It always produces antibiotics. It usually involves the recognition and destruction of pathogens. It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in pathogens. It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.

  4. Active Defense Primarily involve White Blood Cells (WBC’s) a. Phagocytes:engulf or ingest foreign invaders b. Lymphocytes: more specific in targeting invaders 1. b cells: creates antibodies 2. helper T cells: coordinates response 3. T cells: killinfected cells

  5. Steps of Immune Response 1. Recognition Lymphocytes White blood cells called _______________ “patrol” the blood looking for pathogens. Pathogens are recognized/identified by their surface structures called ________________ antigens

  6. Steps of Immune Response 2. Antibody Production Once the pathogen is identified antibodies are produced which attach to the antigens on the pathogen to prevent__________________ spreading ofpathogen Antibodies are produced by the B-cells

  7. Steps of Immune Response 3. Destruction of Pathogen Once surrounded by antibodies the T-cells/Killer T-cells destroy the pathogen by engulfing it through the process of ___________________ Phagocytosis

  8. 4. Memory Memory B cells “remember” the antibodies needed to fight this particular pathogen in case of future invasion You are now IMMUNE to that pathogen

  9. Categories of Immunity Immunity that you gain during your life time Acquired Innate Immunity that your are born with due to genetics factors

  10. Categories of Acquired Immunity Active Immunity When you produce your own antibodies When you receive ready-made antibodies Passive Immunity

  11. Types of Passive Immunity When you receive maternal antibodies from _________________________ Natural breast milk during infancy Artifical When you receive antibodies from another source usually through ________________ antibiotics Passive immunities are temporary

  12. Types of Active Immunity When you are exposed to the pathogen and you body make the necessary antibodies Natural Artifical When you are Immunized which prompts your body to produce the antibodies Active immunities are permenant

  13. Immunization The process in which an individual gains immunity against a specific pathogen due to the injection of a vaccine Vaccine A solution that contains a weakened form of a specific pathogen or dead form of a specific pathogen that is injected into the bloodstream to prompt an immune response

  14. Aim: How can the immune system malfunction?

  15. Do Now: • Describe how the flu vaccine protects the • human body. • In your answer be sure to: • Identify the substance in the flu vaccine that • stimulates immunity (1) • State how the human immune system reacts • to the vaccine (1) • State one reason the flu vaccine does not • protect from viral diseases such as measles. (1)

  16. Disorders of the Immune System • A.I.D.S: • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV. • Human Immune Virus – the virus attacks the Killer T-cells, causing the body to be unable to fight disease. • Once infected, a person can be re-infected with a different strain

  17. 2.) Allergies • when the immune system causes an overreaction to an antigen • Results: increase production of histamines, which causes discomfort. • Histamines increase blood flow and fluids to surrounding areas causing sneezing, runny nose and other irritations. • Treatment - Antihistamines

  18. 3) Transplant Rejection When the body goes through the immune response process and “recognizes” a pathogen (the new organ), resulting in immune action. Results – the organ is destroyed by the person’s immune system

  19. Prevention • organ recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs. Side effects of immunosuppressant drugs: Person is vulnerable to other diseases due to lack of functioning immune system.

  20. AutoImmune Diseases When the body is unable to distinguish “itself”. Body actually begins to attack itself, causing damage to tissues leading to other malfunctions.

  21. Examples of AutoImmune Diseases • Multiple Sclerosis • Lupus • Juvenile diabetes • Arthritis • Cancer

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