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IDEAS OF LEARNING BEHIND E-LEARNING?

Explore the concepts and applications of constructivist learning, including question-driven instruction, problem-based learning, and progressive inquiry. Discover how to activate and engage learners for effective knowledge acquisition and understanding.

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IDEAS OF LEARNING BEHIND E-LEARNING?

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  1. IDEAS OF LEARNING BEHIND E-LEARNING? Kirsti Lonka, PhD Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Finland / Professor in Medical Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm

  2. DILEMMA I • EDUCATION = ANSWERING QUESTIONS NOBODY HAS ASKED

  3. ONE SOLUTION • WHAT ABOUT BASING INSTRUCTION ON QUESTIONS, THEN?

  4. MENTAL MODELS? • guide our attention, perception & memory • not copies of reality, but emphasize things that are important for us • emotions, attitudes, values • are ”the truth”

  5. CONSTRUCTIVIST IDEAS ON LEARNING • Learning is actively constructing an interpretation of the world • This process is question-driven and explanation-driven • Knowledge acquisition is a question-answer -process • Learning is a process for working toward more thorough understanding

  6. NARRATIVE/ MYTHOS -”what makes up a good story?” - myths, beliefs - experiential - holistic, emotional - subconscious, free PARADIGMATIC/ LOGOS - ”what is the truth?” - factual knowledge - logical - analytic, rational - conscious, controlled TWO MODES OF THINKING

  7. THE PROBLEM OF DEAD (INERT) KNOWLEDGE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE RISKS, PROBABILITY THE REASONING PROCESS WHICH ONE WINS? COMMON SENSE MY OWN GRANNY?

  8. THE REVIVAL OF DEAD KNOWLEDGE ACTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING IN CONTEXT REASONING BOOK KNOWLEDGE TESTING FEEDBACK SOLUTION Reflection

  9. WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE? • Traditional answer: Knowledge is proven of confirmed - people find truths • Contemporary answer: Knowledge is not proven, only disconfirmed - people construct temporary explanations that best fit current knowledge • Postmodern answer: All knowledge or interpretations equally valid - people construct personal understanding

  10. APPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST IDEAS I ACTIVATING INSTRUCTION (Lonka & Ahola, 1995, Eur Jour Educ Psych) 1. Activate and diagnose: Ask students to describe what they think about a phenomenom before instruction 2. Support the process: Scaffold learning, make thinking processes overt 3. Give feedback during and after the learning process.

  11. APPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST IDEAS II PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (Schmidt, 1983) - start with an ill-defined problem which calls for explanation - ask the students to brainstorm and construct a model - let the students pose the questions and set the learning goals - guide the learning process by tutoring

  12. APPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST IDEAS III PROGRESSIVE INQUIRY LEARNING: - starts from a problem calling for explanation - the inquiry process is socially distributed - inquiry gradually progresses from a working theory toward more specific questions - CSILE (Scardamalia, Bereiter et al.): an environment for building, articulating, exploring, and structuring knowledge in elementary schools

  13. DISTRIBUTED EXPERTISE? • SOCIALLY DISTRIBUTED COGNITION: people can overcome their limitations in thinking and inference by shared problem solving - together they can solve problems that would be too complex for one person • PHYSICALLY DISTRIBUTED COGNITION cognitive load may be divided between a human being and external thinking tools (e.g., computers, written documents)

  14. ELEMENTS OF PROGRESSIVE INQUIRY (Hakkarainen 1998; Hakkarainen, Lonka & Lipponen, 1999) Constructing Working Theories Setting up Research Questions Creating the Context Critical Evaluation Distributed expertise Developing New Working Theories Searching Deepening Knowledge Generating SubordiGnate Questions

  15. THE MAIN CHALLENGES OF LEARNING • Take into account prior beliefs • Apply socially shared problem solving: negotiate the meaning • Make use of differences between people as well as frictions between old and new knowledge • Make use of the narrative mode of thinking • Neither common sense nor facts work alone

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