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The Use of Force on Detainees

The Use of Force on Detainees. Jon Collier National Offender Management Service. Background. The current system used in Great Britain & N. Ireland is Control & Restraint (C&R). It was devised in the early 1980’s by members of HM Prison Service.

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The Use of Force on Detainees

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  1. The Use of Force on Detainees Jon Collier National Offender Management Service

  2. Background The current system used in Great Britain & N. Ireland is Control & Restraint (C&R). It was devised in the early 1980’s by members of HM Prison Service. It was designed for use in a secure custodial environment. For those under 17 years, a system known as Physical Control in Care , is the approved method.

  3. Current Position Staff from across the immigration sector, custodial & escorts, are trained in C&R and PCC. Additional mechanical aids are available for overseas escorts.

  4. Risk • In a twelve month period the total number of injuries that required hospital attendance following any use of force incident within the secure custodial environment was approximately half of one per cent • All staff receive an initial training course of 32 hours; then a further 8 hours per year

  5. Risk • ‘No restraint is 100% safe. As many of those who have contributed to the review have acknowledged, it is an area of controversy and competing claims and there is little consensus among medical experts about the causes of injury and death associated with restraint use or the relative risks associated with alternative methods of restraint’ Williamson & Smallridge, Independent Review of Restraints in Juvenile Secure settings 2008

  6. Risk • Lung function was substantially reduced in a seated , leant forward position. Average reduction in lung function for a person restrained in a seated, leant forward position was 32.5%

  7. Risk • Seated position, sat up straight did not have a significant effect on lung function. Applying restraint hold to a person in the seated, leant forward position has little additional effect on lung function compared with the seated, leant forward position without restraint.

  8. Risk • Participants with higher BMI showed greater levels of reduction in lung function in the seated, leant forward positions. In the seated, leant forward restraint position, smaller participants (BMI<25) showed a mean reduction in lung function of 17.6%. Large participants (BMI>25) showed a mean reduction in lung function of 44.7%.

  9. Risk • Reductions in lung function of this size may be potentially hazardous in real world restraint position, if carried out for a prolonged period of time. John Parkes , Coventry University

  10. Future • UKBA have commissioned NTRG to review current practice and to develop an alternate, safe system that can be used on In-country and Overseas escorts.

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