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Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence

- G. Ananthakrishnan - Simon Benjaminsson. Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence. Feyerabend Against Method No precise rules Anything goes Anarchist approach to scientific theory. Popper Vs Feyerabend. Popper The Logic of Scientific Discovery Theory has temporary status

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Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence

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  1. - G. Ananthakrishnan - Simon Benjaminsson Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence

  2. Feyerabend Against Method No precise rules Anything goes Anarchist approach to scientific theory Popper Vs Feyerabend • Popper • The Logic of Scientific Discovery • Theory has temporary status • Falsifiability of a theory • Against psuedo-theories like Freudian psychology etc.

  3. Abstraction, Algorithms, Dynamical Systems etc. • Abstraction is necessary • Principles of systems can be predicted, but specific system needs some empirical values • Can a theory of intelligence be algorithmic? • Can we have an algorithm which computes and thereby explains all intelligence? • Dynamic systems – chaos theory • Structured systems emerge from chaotic conditions • Analytical component + Design aspect

  4. Diversity (exploitation) - Compliance • Soft Rules • Choice about compliance • Syntax Vs Semantics & Grammar Vs Content • Grammatically incorrect – no compliance • Grammatically correct, but repetitive – no diversity • Hard Rules • Laws of Physics • No choice but to comply • Only possible to exploit • Rock only complies, does not exploit

  5. Exploitation and Knowledge • Rock flowing down river – • does not exploit, no diversity, • only complies with fluid dynamics • Asimo – robot that can dance, walk etc. – diversity, exploits friction and gravity • Fish – exploits fluid dynamics • Do they know they are exploiting? • Humans write poems, exploiting some figures of speech, possibly breaking some soft rules • Do we know? Do we need to know?

  6. Stability-Flexibility (accommodation - assimilation) • Category learning • Representation of the world • Do we need only one example or several examples? • Role of the right features? • Categorizing unknown objects • Soft categorization • Exploration-Exploitation

  7. Frame-of-reference problem • An intelligent agent • Conforms to rules/laws (Hard or Soft) • Exploits the environment • Exhibits diverse behavior • May or may not be aware of this behavior • Complex behavior with simple rules – • e.g., beach ant walks around puddles, twigs etc. without knowing what the obstacles are • From ant's perspective – simple rules • From observer's perspective – complex behavior

  8. Swiss Robots • The Swiss Robots Demo • Simple rules • Unexpected behavior • Robots do not see cubes • Intelligent? - Depends on perspective • Different location of sensors?

  9. Interaction - Emergence • Robot's perspective – reaction to sensory stimulus • Our perspective – cleaning up of Styrofoam cubes • Effect of interaction of internal mechanism with environment • Behavior cannot be estimated solely by the internal mechanism – embodiment, environment • Emergence of complexity from simple rules and interaction with environment • What if cubes were heavier, what if sensor was placed differently, what is the cubes were slightly larger or slightly smaller?

  10. Robot Puppy Theo jansen's kinetic animals • Motor and spring mechanism copies the gait of a puppy • Uses pressure sensors on the feet to sense the ground • Hip and shoulders are moved periodically Pressure Sensors New Species, Ted Talk (2.14 mins) • The dog sees the world from the view of its sensors • Complex gait mechanism from simple principles

  11. Over to Simon

  12. Articulation- Acoustics • Motor movement • Visual representation • Spatial-to-Motor reference frame • Invariant (for the same posture) • Bias for certain arm postures • Articulator movement • Acoustic representation • Invariant? e.g. American /r/ • Highly non-linear • Frame-of-reference?

  13. Role of Embodiment • Vocal-tract to Sound (Maeda Model) • Application of fluid dynamics and computation of tube resonances. • Control of vocal-tract parameters • Inertia of articulators • Muscles that control articulation • Degrees of freedom for articulation • Planning of articulation • Targets and paths • Acoustic/Perceptual features

  14. The Diva System ? GOF Neural Network Embodiment Partial Embodiment

  15. Reference Frames • Articulatory • Degrees of freedom • Constriction • Motor equivalence • One-many mapping with Articulatory frame • Acoustic/Perceptual • Formant frequency differences

  16. Variance in Constriction

  17. Highly Non-linear Some Equations

  18. Solving a specific problem – Variation in /r/

  19. Articulatory position for phoneme /g/ Articulatory position for phoneme /d/ Explained by DIVA Resulting configuration of /r/ Bunched Resulting configuration of /r/ Retroflexed

  20. Some videos – Other applications of DIVA Random Babbling Reduplicated Babbling

  21. Some videos – Other applications of DIVA Attempt 3 Attempt 2 Attempt 1

  22. Some videos – Other applications of DIVA Simulation of Stuttering (as predicted by DIVA)

  23. Thank You Any Questions?

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