Bureaucratic Structure and Performance in Asia

1. Bureaucratic Structure and Performance in Asia Julius Court Peace & Governance Programme and Office of the Rector court@hq.unu.edu United Nations University http://www.unu.edu/

2. Bureaucratic Structure and Performance (in Asia) • Rationale - evidence on bureaucratic performance based mostly on case studies • Objective– extended systematic data collection on bureaucratic structure and performance • Innovative Methodology - survey of high level bureaucrats using country coordinators • Results - extended database on bureaucracy and analysis (for researchers) and country sheets (for policy-makers and practitioners) • From: Court, Kristen and Weder, 1999.

3. Simple Framework Knack and Keefer, 1995 Evans and Rauch, 1999a World Bank, 1997 (WDR) • Development Performance • Bureaucratic Performance Weber, 1968 Evans and Rauch, 1999b World Bank, 1993 (EAM) • Bureaucratic Structure

4. Bureaucracy Database“extended global database on bureaucracies” • Coverage: 50 countries • Timespan: c1970-1998 • Sources: Evans-Rauch database, WDR 1997, UNU survey. http://www.unu.edu/hq/academic/Pg_area4/ b-structure.html

5. Bureaucratic Structure and Performance - Empirical Analysis • Agency power - influence of core economic agencies in formulating new policies. • Autonomy - do top civil service move when political leadership changes. • Career opportunities - internal promotion, duration and civil service opportunities. • Relative wage - compares public sector salaries to the private sector ones. • Entrancemechanism - entrance via a formal exam and university degrees.

6. Empirical Analysis Framework • Bureaucratic Performance • Dependent Variables • Bur. Quality • Consultation • Corruption • Efficiency • Implementation • Independent Variables • Agency Power • Autonomy • Career Opportunities • Private Sector Career • Relative Wage • Bureaucratic Structure

7. Bur. Quality Consult‘n Lower Corrup‘n Efficiency Implemt‘n Agency power *** *** ** * Autonomy * ** Career Opps ** (Private Sect Career) * Relative Wage *** ** *** Regression Findings Significance: * - ten; ** - five; *** - one % level.

8. Total Structural Quality

9. Agency Power

10. Autonomy

11. Career Opportunities

12. Relative Wages

13. Tentative Conclusions • New results with expanded data set are more solid than for original Evans / Rauch database. • Certain structural issues are associated with cross-country differences in bureaucratic performance. • Better bureaucratic performance is associated with greater autonomy to formulate policy; good career opportunities; good pay for public servants (and no shifting to the private sector).

14. World Governance Survey Objectives • To better understand why and how political institutions matter for growth and poverty reduction • General • Open governance debate in a constructive manner • What aspects of governance matter at different stages • Provide policy advice • Specific • Cohesive, global database on perceptions of governance • Track changes over time within countries – diagnostic • Cross-country statistical analysis

15. UNU at a Glance Mission: - “generating and sharing knowledge for human security and development.” Key Facts: • Rector – Hans van Ginkel • Vice Rector for Peace and Governance – Ramesh Thakur • Staff – 211 • Budget – US$ 36 m • Headquarters – Tokyo, Japan • 13 Institutes around the world • Networks