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Case Studies: Inclusive PRSP processes in Different countries. CBR & PRSP. Presentation for the PARPA II workshop, 22 -26 February 2010, Maputo Judith van der Veen, Programme Development Officer – Inclusive Development. PRSP and Disability.
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Case Studies: Inclusive PRSP processes in Different countries CBR & PRSP Presentation for the PARPA II workshop, 22 -26 February 2010, Maputo Judith van der Veen, Programme Development Officer – Inclusive Development
PRSP and Disability • People with disabilities are amongst the poorest of the poor • More and more Disability Movements /Federations/DPOs realised that if they wanted to benefit from and be included into national development plans such as PRSP they needed to participate in the process.
Disability and development • Poverty is a multi dimensional concept • Disabled people are often invisible exclusion no power poverty • Lack access to quality health care, education, livelihood opportunities etc • Contributing in the PRS process will lead to empowerment of disabled people more visibility inclusion reduction in poverty
Challenges Challenge of the PRSP process: • The political, cultural and historical situation varies for each country. • The approach to poverty reduction policies are very country-specific. • The competences and capacities of DPOs differ significantly from country to country. • It is a very long process – needs continues lobbying all through the process
Poverty Reduction Process • Formulation -Poverty Analysis participation influencing the draft • Implementation – Participate in District planning - policy design investment projects, donor meetings • Monitoring – M&E unit, Independent M&E, progress reports, technical groups • A need for strategies to influence each of the above phases
EmpowermentHow to start • It is important that • To do a situational and stakeholder analysis about the existing situation regards the PRS process and to what extend disability and or disability organisations have been included. What are unmet needs. • Participation in all the stages, not just formulation but also in the implementation and take part in the monitoring • Education about the PRSPs, sectoral mainstreaming, participation and monitoring at district level. • Networking with other poverty and sectoral networks • To built a close relationship with ministries • Increased knowledge of disability organisations about the PRS process and how it links with the other national plans will lead to better participation when opportunities are there
Examples of change - Tanzania Inclusion of persons with disabilities in PRS of Tanzania: • Tanzania – Disability movement was an active member during the formulation phase – participated in the PPA with funding from the UNDP as an equal member – MDN (PRSP network) • Crucial was that a leading DPO member was on good terms with the person writing the final document and that the person leading the process was pro mainstreaming • Disability was mainstreamed through the document with some very specific targets
Tanzania IN late 2005 the MKUKUTA disability network was formed to promote inclusion of disability into the PRSP process Members: DPOs, federation, disability NGOs – at first government as well Initial Activities: • Stakeholders analysis, • Analysis of level of inclusion in existing MKUKUTA and the process, • Workshop of stakeholders to develop a network to promote implementation and monitoring of disability in PRS,
Example of a specific target Education • primary Enrolment: # 1.3: increased proportion of children with disabilities enrolled , attend and completing schools from 0.1% in 2000 to 20% in 2010. • No inclusion in the monitoring – DPOs lobbied for inclusion to be able to show to what extend target was being met. Government now collecting data Disability is becoming visible
Tanzania Other activities • Education about MKUKUTA (PRSP) in the districts • Active involvement in lobbying for signing and ratification of the UNCRPD • Participation in national planning workshops of various ministries • Bring out a newsletter Challenge: To keep finding support to carry out their activities and funds to pay a coordinator
Rwanda • The disability movement with support from VSO/DFID and coordinated by the Rwandan Decade National Steering Steeringcommittee participated actively in the sectoral working groups during formulation phase. Although disability was not specifically mentioned in the PRSP much achievements were that • 5 Disability representatives in each district elected as members of the district development committee
Rwanda Implementation • Education to the district on PRSP, role of disability members and inclusion of disability into their district plan • Close collaboration with the government especially local governance in rolling out the district training • Sectoral working groups
Ethiopia • Disability-inclusive PASDEP(DIP) project started early in 2006 by Poverty Action Net(PANE) - An Ethiopian Civil Society network (para-statel) • Purpose: to create a link between the poverty reduction effort of Ethiopia and the needs of people with disabilities. • Carried out an assessment of the national PRSP document. Did a needs assessment with the DPOs and a workshop with government and DPOs and some interested NGOs on how to inlcude disability.
Ethiopia Highlighted was the need to work closely with the government in addressing the needs of people with disabilities within the poverty reduction process 11 sensitisation workshops on disability and PRSP were held to: • Sensitize the government experts and officials on the need for having disability-sensitive poverty reduction strategy • Sensitizing stakeholders about their role in this process and the need for networking • Improving the level of knowledge of Disability association leaders about PRSP issues and processes as well as their role in the process. .
Prioritised area by DPOS Education • Teachers of both regular and special needs classes were trained in the themes of PRSP, discussions with ministry of education took place on how children with disabilities could benefit from targets set in the PASDEP Community Development • Community development workers of the government engaged in local processes of implementing the strategy also received basic training on how to address the issue of disability in community development activities and including the needs of disabled members of the community in the poverty reduction efforts
Senegal The 1st PRSP had not been very participatory and disability had not featured much. More participation occurred during the PRSP II and the document mentions Disability under several sectors namely • Under education -the government wants to promote inclusive education • Economic empowerment of people with disabilities and it wants to achieve this by the setting up of CBR programmes • To set up a voluntary fund to promote economic empowerment of PWDs • To amend the employment policy to employ more people with disabilities. The government services should as part of their workforce employ 15% people with disabilities. • To promote the development of a disability law, this process is now on the way, a draft has been formulated and sensitisation is taking place around the country
Women with disabilities in Senegal • Alliances were built and the women with disability joined the general women’s network in their initiative of women and PRSP. They attended trainings and workshops on PRSP through this alliance. • Women are setting up their own national association • After attending the PRSP training workshops the women decided to go to the local/regional level. They now work with the grass root members at district level to bring up issues to the national level
Malawi • Vision 20-20 of Malawi does reflect disability although only minimally. • Malawi has a Ministry of Persons with Disabilities, whose main aim is to oversee the implementation and mainstreaming of disability in policy and development programmes in all government Ministries. • Even though there is a ministry the initial PRSP (MGDS in Malawi) did not include any thing on disability. The current 2nd MGDS has more although it is still minimal. The institution involved in the PRSP process was the disability council. However the council and the DPOs feel they have not been involved enough al though they acknowledge they could have been more proactive • They now plan to come up with some clear issues for the next process to start this year and than to follow it through
Some common challenges • There is a lot of attention in most countries in Africa on the PRSP formulation process. Some more is beginning to happen around lobbying for implementation but little is still done around monitoring inclusion of disability – Development of indicators and disaggregation of data • The leaders at national level follow the process but at district level and among general members the knowledge about national planning and district planning and how to influence it is low. – However, this is a common challenge also seen for non disabled
Challenges • DPOs need to gain capacity on technical level, they are often not able to come up with clear targets and priorities. – Able to advice government • Little integration of Disability national plans, PRSP and annual country/ministerial plans • Disability is lumped with other vulnerable groups which hides their particular needs, gives no clear targets/indicators nor budget allocation – therefore no disaggregation of data, no specific mentioning in monitoring or evaluation reports – remains invisible
Things that worked well • Joining other civil society networks such as policy forums, poverty networks and general women’s alliances • Prioritise certain issues, development of special working groups around issues, • establish linkages with the government ministry and follow through the national planning, implementation and monitoring process • Partnership - Working closely with government and ministries. Set up sectoral working groups
Participation of disability mainstreaming • Through the participation of DPOs in national development plans such as PRSPs, government will become more aware and capable to mainstream disability in the different sectors • with clear targets, budgets and indicators reflected in the national planning documents and monitoring system disability will become more visible • Sectoral/ministerial implementation plans should clearly specify disability • Even if a national disability plan is developed, different ministries should take responsibility for their respective parts
Conclusion Develop a strategy with clearly defined roles and responsibilities for people and individual DPOs and or FAMOD Promote mainstreaming and integration of different plans such as the PARPA and the national disability action plan Network Built regional and district capacities to ensure implementation and monitoring at district level.
Handbook • (www.handicap-international.de/ projekte01.html)
