PROJECT INTERVINO Socrates

1. Project Intervino 1 PROJECT INTERVINO Socrates/Comenius I, 2007

2. Project Intervino 2 PORTUGAL, A BIT OF HISTORY In Mythology, Luso was son or companion of Bacchus, the god of winery and Feast. Mythically, Lusitania gained its name from Luso. Lusitania was an ancient Roman province in the present day Portugal. There are some theories that the Tartessians first cultivated vineyards in the Iberian Peninsula in the Tagus Valley about 2000 BC. Later in the 10th century BC, the Phoenicians introduced vineyards in the region. But it was in the 7th century BC, when the Greeks installed in the Peninsula that the wine making art developed. In Alc�cer do Sal, a cratera was found, the cratera is a vase used by the Ancient Greeks to drink and dilute wine with water, showing that the Ancient Greeks also drank Portuguese wines.

3. Project Intervino 3 Portugal, a bit of History During the Roman rule over Portugal, the vineyard culture greatly developed, as the region supplied Rome with itswines. The wines became popular in Rome, leading to the demand being superior to wine production. During the Reconquista in the 12th and 13th centuries, with the populating (povoamento) of the conquered territories, areas that due to religion the Arabs reduced wine production, and planting grapevines were a priority. During this period, some new varieties were added to the ancientones, from Burgundy came the French varieties. And during the period of discoveries, Henry the Navigator brought to the newly discovered island of Madeira the moscatel and malvasia from the Greek Island of Crete.

4. Project Intervino 4 Portugal, a bit of History Due to historical reasons, England was to where Portuguese wines were most exported. Exports of Portuguese wines from Northern Portugal to England are known since the 12th century. From this commerce a wide variety of wines started to be growned in Portugal. And, in 1758, the first wine-producing region of the world, the Regi�o Demarcada do Douro was created under the orientation of Marquis of Pombal, in the Douro Valley. The demarcated region had the aim to guarantee the production of excellent quality wines.

5. Project Intervino 5 Portugal, a bit of History In the Reign of King Charles, the Regi�o Demarcada do Vinho Verde and the Regi�o Demarcada do D�o among Colares, Carcavelos, Set�bal, and Madeira were created. These wines were already famous before the creation of the Demarcated region. In 1979, Bairrada was added and in 1980 the Algarve region (Lagoa, Lagos, Portim�o, and Tavira) was finally demarcated. In 1998, the Alentejo region was demarked by the gathering several smaller demarked regions created in 1995. Portugal is home to one of the greatest international wine success stories of modern times. That is the production and marketing of medium sweet, lightly sparking ros�s. In the late 1980s, Mateus accounted for over 40% of the country's total table wine exports and was especially popular in Europe. Lancers is better known in the United States, where it continues to be successful.

6. Project Intervino 6 Portuguese Wine Portugal can be divided into six main regions

7. Project Intervino 7 Portuguese Wine Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, and mostly the Romans. It started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman Empire. Modern exports developed with trade to England after a treaty in 1703. Portugal has the oldest appellation system in the world. Portugal has a large variety of native breeds (about 500), producing a very wide variety of different wines with distinctive personality. The Oxford Companion to Wine describes the country as having "a treasure trove of indigenous grape varieties."

8. Project Intervino 8 In Portugal, the wine classification is done by Verde ("Green", Vinho Verde Region) and Maduro ("Mature", the rest of the country). With the quality and uniqueness of its wines, the country is a sizable and growing player in wine production, being in the top 10, with 4% of the world market (2003). The country is considered a traditional wine grower with 8% of its continental land dedicated to vineyards. Only the highest mountain peaks are unable to support viticulture. Portugal produces some of the world's best wines, as reflected in its success in international competitions. Portuguese Wine

9. Project Intervino 9 CASTAS The type of grapes (castas) is as important has the type of soil and climate, creating the different Portuguese wine breeds, the Castas � grape varieties. The particular breed of wine makes Portugal a country with distinctive personality in terms of wine growing. But this distinctiveness brings more diffulties than advantages, due that it would be easier to produce international wine varieties. In Portugal only some varieties of castas are authorized in the Demarcated regions. Each region has its own Comiss�o Vitivin�cola to supervise the quality of the wines in various aspects of the cultivation and preparation of vineyards, but also in assuring the quality of the wine, for instance, in its flavour and scent.

10. Project Intervino 10 COSTA VERDE The Costa Verde is the name of the tourist area covering the districts of the Minho and most of the Douro Litoral. It stretches north from the city of Porto to the Spanish border and a limited distance north of Viana do Castelo. It is an area highly populated with a large percentage of younger people. Inland, there are several historic and interesting cities, towns and villages that will fascinate the passing tourist.

11. Project Intervino 11 Costa Verde A very interesting way to see and feel the true culture and history of this region is to stay in some of the various Pousadas (Hostels), most of which are steeped in local atmosphere and with historic architecture of this region.

12. Project Intervino 12 Costa Verde This area is the ancient beginnings of what today is known as the country of Portugal. A very popular area is the Parque da Peneda Ger�s, a nature reserve of charming beauty in the north-east corner on the border with Spain.

13. Project Intervino 13 GREEN WINE

14. Project Intervino 14 But it only received its own definitive statute that characterises its wines and established today's geographic limits in 1929. This law also created the Green Wine ("Vinho Verde") Region Vine growing Commission. This is an inter-professional association that represents the demarcated region, providing it with vine-growing technology, carrying out quality and origin control and the promotion of Green Wine ("Vinho Verde") at home and abroad. Green Wine

15. Project Intervino 15 Green Wine More recently, in 1922, a new decree law approved the Present Statutes of the Green Wine ("Vinho Verde") Demarcated Region and those of the denomination of controlled origin of Green Wine ("Vinho Verde") rum wines and brandies. This region almost covers the old "Entre Douro and Minho� province. It occupies the whole of the Portuguese north-west and its geographic limits are defined naturally to the north by the River "Minho", to the south and east by a succession of mountain ranges that separate it from the interior and to the west by the Atlantic.

16. Project Intervino 16 Green Wine The vineyards destined for the production of wines and brandies with the right to Green Wine ("Vinho Verde"), Green Wine rum and Green Wine brandy denomination of origin are mainly installed in eruptive rock soils (granite stone) of metamorphic soils (limestone and gneiss). The VQPRD denomination Green Wine ("Vinho Verde") was attributed to the entire region on account of the quality, specificity, (low alcohol content, the sparking and green characters of the whites, andastringency of the reds).

17. Project Intervino 17 The vines are kept clear of the ground by being draped on trees or specially constructed trellises. This serves a double purpose, firstly by freeing the land beneath for cultivation, and secondly, protecting the vine against damp and parasitic rot. These wines have lower alcohol content. Green Wine

18. Project Intervino 18 The most well-known labels are: Alvarinho Dourada, Alvarinho de Mon��o, Aveleda, Campelo,Campo de Vinha, Casa da Cal�ada, Casa de Capit�o-mor Alvarinho, Casa da Seara, Casa de Vilacetinho, Casal Garcia, Casal Mendes, Casal de Seara,Moura Basto, Muralhas de Mon��o, Pal�cio da Brejoeira, Pav�o, Ponte de Barca, Ponte de Lima, Porta Nova, Portal do Fidalgo, Quinta D'amares, Quinta de Alderiz, Quinta do Ameal Loureiro, Quinta da Aveleda, Quinta de Azevedo, Tr�s Marias, Tormes, Vale de Ambr�es, Vale de Cambra. Green Wine

19. Project Intervino 19 PORT WINE, the History Port itself didn�t exist until the late 17th century. The English and Portuguese developed a special trading relationship that flourished off and on for a number of centuries. The Douro�s big break came when war broke out between France and England in 1689, which forced the English to tap new, non French sources of wine. In those days doctoring wine was commonplace, and it was found that the addition of brandy had a twofold benefit: it made the wine more stable, helping it survive the voyage to England without harm, and because the brandy was added before fermentation was completed, it made the wine sweeter. The English developed quite a taste for it.

20. Project Intervino 20 PORT WINE, the History The strong demand for Port led to overproduction and the fraudulent making and labelling of wines, which in turn led to a price collapse in the mid-18th century. To remedy this, the ruthless~Marques de Pombal instituted the world�s first system of origin control and regional classification in 1757, coupled with a blitz on neighbouring regions such as Bairrada which had been supplying faux Port. The 19th century saw increasing development of viticulture in the Douro, with many independent estates (Quintas) making their own wine. Then, along with most of the world�s winegrowing regions, the Douro was hit by the twin plagues of oidium and phylloxera in the second half of the 19th century.

21. Project Intervino 21 PORT WINE, the History This destroyed the livelihoods of many winegrowers, but their misfortune was an opportunity for others, and larger vineyards emerged owned by a handful of producers who purchased the run-down Quintas on the cheap. This led to a change in the way Port was made and marketed. Power shifted to the hands of shippers, who established themselves in Vila Nova de Gaia (pictured left), over the river from Porto. This protectionist sort of rule consolidated power in the hands of a few. In 1852 Port production was carried out by some 79 Quintas in the Douro. By 1954 it had shifted to 81 Port lodges in Vila Nova. Then, by 1990 this number had reduced to just 27.

22. Project Intervino 22 PORT WINE, the History Things changed in 1986 when Portugal joined the EU. Producers in the Douro were allowed to export their products independently, however with some limiting conditions: vineyards must have at least 150 000 bottles and sales inventory for three years in store.

23. Project Intervino 23 The Port demarcated region is in the upper Rio Douro valley and its tributaries almost stretching 100 Kms in total length. The terraced vineyards are on slopes that reach to about 500 mts. The land is divided into Quintas that are private estates, many of which are owned by the old English Port Lodges located at the mouth of the Rio Douro in the town of Vila Nova de Gaia. This town lies on the southern riverbank and opposite to the city of Porto. PORT WINE

24. Project Intervino 24 Port Wine In a class of its own, Port is a unique fortified wine style hailing from the spectacular terraced vineyards of Portugal�s Douro Valley. It has inspired imitations from many of the world�s wine regions, but much as with Champagne, none of the competitors can match a top vintage Port from a good producer. Port is a brilliant, unique wine style that derives its flavour, strength and sweetness from the process of adding spirit to still-sweet part fermented grape must.

25. Project Intervino 25 Port Wine The wine is exported from the city of Porto, thus acquiring the name Porto (or "Port" in English-speaking countries). There are several varieties of Port wine: some of the most popular are the tawny, white, ruby, and Late Bottled Vintage (L.B.V.).

26. Project Intervino 26 The Port Wine vineyards grow in schilsted soil, with a particular climate and a particular vinification method, this wine is very particular and it is known worldwide. The red varieties are the most common. The wine is produced in the beautiful landscape of the Douro Valley in Alto Douro region, a region that is now classified as World Heritage by UNESCO. Port Wine

27. Project Intervino 27 Port Wine A visit to a Lodge is recommended as they are interesting and have lots of character within, besides imparting the knowledge about preparing Port. Its governing body the Instituto do Vinho do Porto strictly controls the Port trade. Thirteen senior members of the Association enjoy the independent privilege of also being members of what is known as the "Factory House".

28. Project Intervino 28 Port Wine There are, today, modern methods that are now used by many of the Lodges. The semi fermented "mosto" is then mixed with a controlled quantity of brandy. This prevents the fermentation continuing leaving the wine free from the natural grape sugar. All Ports with the exception of a "vintage" are matured in oak casks inside the Lodges prior to bottling. When sold they are ready for immediate drinking and do not have to be decanted.

29. Project Intervino 29 Port Wine Vintage - Blended from the wine of the best vineyards in the same year and stored whilst maturing for not less than 15 years. It must be bottled and racked within two years of harvesting. It is the cream of all Ports. Single Quinta Port - As the name implies this Port is from a single vineyard and can often be a Vintage Port. LBV - This is a "Late Bottled Vintage" single year Port that has been matured in wood for not less than four years before being bottled. The label indicates the year of bottling and its vintage. Vintage Character Port - This title is misleading in that the Port is similar to that of a fine Ruby Port and not that of a Vintage.

30. Project Intervino 30 Port Wine Crusted Port - This Port is a successful blending of wines from different years, kept in casks for four years and then three years in the bottle prior to being sold. The crust deposit in the bottle is the cause of its name but should not be confused with Vintage. Fine Old Tawny - As the name suggests this is pale- amber in colour and less full-bodied. It is a blended wine from different years and its label will indicate its age as an average year of its content. It is bottled and racked for 10, 20 years or more, assuming a smooth silky texture and a mellow nutty flavour. Vintage-dated Tawny - These attractively priced Ports are as a Fine Old Tawny but also considered a Vintage. They can spend 20 or 50 years in a cask. Tawny - A Port that is less sweet in flavour and composed of blending from different aged wines - even a clever mixture of red and white. These Tawny Ports do not improve with ageing.

31. Project Intervino 31 Port Wine Fine Old Ruby - Blended from different years and kept in the cask for about four years before being ready to drink. They have a fruity-spicy flavour and classified as inferior to Tawny. Ruby - A fruity Port and as the name me suggests, deep red in colour. They blended from wines of different years and take no more than one to three years to mature. White - This is either dry or sweet in flavour. Normally chilled before serving and acts as an attractive aperitif in the small manner as a Spanish Sherry.

32. Project Intervino 32 COSTA DE PRATA This tourist area probably enjoys the longest coastline of all. Unfortunately, being more central and north of Lisbon the beach tourist season is not as lengthily as that enjoyed further south. The coastline, with very few exceptions consists of long sandy beaches that are openly exposed to the winter ravages of the Atlantic Ocean.

33. Project Intervino 33 There are three towns that do enjoy some protection and endeavour to maintain a fishing industry. These are Aveiro, Figueira da Foz and Nazar�. Inland the situation changes to a tourist's haven with a wide choice of interesting and historic locations to visit. Costa de Prata

34. Project Intervino 34 The main city of this area is Coimbra, and its strategic midway point on the Lisbon to Porto road has played an important part in its past growth. Nowadays, there exists a direct motorway between these two major cities and combined with the future new international airport this will have a definite effect on the future development of this area. Costa de Prata

35. Project Intervino 35 The area economically, is mainly reliant on small and medium size industries. However, not to be overlooked is the important agriculture industry and the production of wine. Local wood is the raw material supporting the production of furniture, building materiais and paper pulp. In the region there is also non-metal ores such as clay, sand and limestone, all of which provide for by-product industries. Costa de Prata

36. Project Intervino 36 Costa de Prata Bairrada wine, is produced in the Regi�o Demarcada da Bairrada. Although the region was classified in 1979, it is an ancient vineyard region. The vines grow exposed to the sun, favouring the further maturity of the grapes. The Baga casta is intensely used in the wines of the region. The Bairrada region produces table, white and red wines. Yet, it is notable for its sparkling natural wine: the "Conde de Cantanhede" and "Marqu�s de Marialva" are the official brands for this wine. In Portugal, Bairrada Wine is especially notable to drink in restaurants along with a typical roasted piglet, the Leit�o da Bairrada.

37. Project Intervino 37 Costa de Prata Bairrada wine, is produced in the Regi�o Demarcada da Bairrada. Although the region was classified in 1979, it is an ancient vineyard region. The vines grow exposed to the sun, favouring the further maturity of the grapes. The Baga casta is intensely used in the wines of the region. The Bairrada region produces table, white and red wines. Yet, it is notable for its sparkling natural wine: the "Conde de Cantanhede" and "Marqu�s de Marialva" are the official brands for this wine. In Portugal, Bairrada Wine is especially notable to drink in restaurants along with a typical roasted piglet, the Leit�o da Bairrada.

38. Project Intervino 38 WINE PROVERBS Agosto madura e Setembro vindima �gua de Agosto: a�afr�o, mel e mosto. At� S. Pedro, tem o vinho medo. Com p�o e vinho j� se anda caminho. Conselho de vinho � falso caminho. Dia de S. Martinho, mata o teu porco e prova o teu vinho. Maio couveiro n�o � vinhateiro. N�o � bom o mosto colhido em Agosto. Nem vinho sem Cristo nascer nem laranja sem Cristo morrer.

39. Project Intervino 39 WINE FOLKLORE Chora a videira, A videirinha chora Pela rosa branca, Que se vai embora. � videira, d�-me um cacho, � cacho, d�-me um baguinho; Meu amor, d�-me um abra�o, Que eu te darei um beijinho!

40. Project Intervino 40 WINE CONSUMPTION For every article you read about the benefits of alcohol consumption, another seems to warn you of its risks. You might find such conflicting information confusing and frustrating. Though moderate alcohol use seems to have some health benefits, anything more than moderate drinking can negate any potential benefits. Moderate drinking is defined as two drinks a day if you're a male or female under 65, or one drink a day if you're a female or a male over 65. So should you avoid alcohol? Or can you continue to enjoy your glass of wine with dinner? It's up to you and your doctor. Here are some points on alcohol consumption for you to consider.

41. Project Intervino 41 Moderate alcohol consumption may provide some health benefits. It may: Reduce your risk of developing heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication; Reduce your risk of dying of a heart attack; Possibly reduce your risk of strokes, particularly ischemic strokes; Lower your risk of gallstones; Possibly reduce your risk of diabetes. ~ WINE CONSUMPTION: Health Benefits

42. Project Intervino 42 ~ WINE CONSUMPTION: Health Risks Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to serious health problems, including: Cancer of the pancreas, mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and liver, as well as breast cancer; Pancreatitis, especially in people with high levels of triglycerides in their blood; Sudden death in people with cardiovascular disease; Heart muscle damage (alcoholic cardiomyopathy) leading to heart failure; Stroke; Brain atrophy (shrinkage); Cirrhosis of the liver; Miscarriage; Fetal alcohol syndrome in an unborn child, including impaired growth and nervous system development; Injuries due to impaired motor skills; Suicide.

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