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Distributed Micro Generation

Distributed Micro Generation. Trinity College Dublin Mr. Wayne O’Connell oconnew@tcd.ie 086 406 9902. Agenda. Developing Energy Background Developing Research Goals Trinity College R&D 3 year project goals / Summary. A Golden age of Electricity Provisioning

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Distributed Micro Generation

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  1. Distributed Micro Generation Trinity College Dublin Mr. Wayne O’Connell oconnew@tcd.ie 086 406 9902

  2. Agenda • Developing Energy Background • Developing Research Goals • Trinity College R&D • 3 year project goals / Summary

  3. A Golden age of Electricity Provisioning Thomas Edison Charles Parsons Nikola Tesla TCD 1880-1900 Population 1885 = 1.45bn

  4. 2010 World Electrical Grid Penetration Off- Grid Population , 1.45bn OECD/IEA 2010

  5. Biomass as a Primary Energy Source

  6. 500m fires lamps / every night Mother/child mortality Accidents Deforestation CO2 emissions / Black Soot Violence Costs of Biomass Cooking Technology Homemade paraffin lamp Child cooking in kitchen hut

  7. Cost of No Access GDP / Energy Consumption If you could change the price of one thing in the developing world to alleviate poverty by far you would pick energy … Bill Gates , 2010

  8. Electricity Cooking Universal Modern Energy Access • UMEAC = 250kWhr /year • - $33bn for 20 yrs

  9. Research Goals • Define Project Outcome • Physical Processes Available • Needs Assessment • Understand Resources available • Technology • People • Money • Additional Constraints • Pollution • Economics • Scale

  10. Outcomes • What is Energy • What do we mean when we want to deliver or provision energy? • Important things to consider • Amount required • Cost to generate / convert • Cost to operate • Adverse impacts?

  11. What is required to deliver base level services 75 W Hr/ day = 25 kWhr / year Assumes Biomass/Solar for Cooking Compare to UMEAC = 250kW/hr Scope for Baseline energy Delivery to get people on the ladder at much lower cost !!! Needs Assessment Vs UMEAC (BoP)

  12. Stove Technology Gasifier Stove Rocket Stove Fuel Oil Stove Charcoal Stove

  13. The A Solution !! Heat for Cooking (10-20%) Waste Heat (75%-90%) Heat for Electricity (3-5%) Charcoal (Biochar) for Fertilizer Carbon Negative

  14. Why University/Trinity Research • Lots of experience on nano-materials which are vital for next gen thermo-electrics • CRANN • Materials Indentified / Screening • Accomplished Engineering Tradition (ZT / $) • Centre For Energy Devices • Collaboration with Bio-Engineering to develop differentiated low cost high temperature device • Thermal Conductivity Instrumentation Design Capability • Ongoing Collaboration with developing world • Irish DFA (Malawi) • Clinton Global Initiative • Strong industrial relationships - INTEL • Brand Trinity open doors overseas for collaboration • Irish Aid / European Commission / Center For Climate Justice • Open Carb

  15. Thermoelectricity Direct Heat Conversion to Electricity Snyder, “Complex Thermoelectric Materials”

  16. Thermal Conductivity Most Accurate in Ireland (plane perpendicular) Thermal Resistance • Unique Features • Precision calibrated thermistors; temperature uncertainty of ±0.001K • Robust uncertainty analysis for all measured and calculated quantities • Simultaneous measurement of electrical resistance Effective Thermal Conductivity • Phase 2 (Tony Robinson) • Films / Nanowires • Test Concept Development • In plane • Combined ZT • Biggest Challenge • Personnel Resources (New Blood /Grep /IRCSET) ???? R. Kempers, P. Kolodner, A. Lyons & A.J. Robinson, 2008, “A High-Precision Apparatus for the Characterization of Thermal Interface Materials” Review of Scientific Instruments, 80, 095111(2009). doi:10.1063/1.3193715

  17. TCD Stove Characterization

  18. Early Discussion with Kevin (O’Kelly) Leverage institutional knowledge of functional ceramics Joints Kevin has relationships with Schvets/Gunkos synthesis Post Doc from a sabbatical partner Device Development, 2-3 stage process Goal is 1/10 the cost of existing devices at > 50% of output Absolutely disruptive !!! (Not just for this application _ Co-Generation , Industrial Energy Harvesting Bio-Engineering Collaboration Opp.

  19. System Benefits • Stove • 1.0 – 3 T CO2 offset per year ($20-$60) • 80% + reduction in particulates/ IAP • Reduction in CO and other VOC’s • Impact on Bronchial Health • Reduction in Time Spent Collecting Wood • Reduced burden on women and children • Deforestation • Crop Fertilization (if gassifier/biochar used) • Carbon Sequestration (500 yr lifetime) • Electricity • Night Light = 3 Extra Hours • Mobile Phones / Laptop = Information Age • Income Generation / Socialization / Comfort

  20. Key Differentiation of future TCD Device

  21. 3 yr Goals Year 1 – 3 W Power Plant (Rocket) 10 Whr battery Storage 2 LED / Mobile Phone / Radio System Validation Proof of Concept and Utilization in Malawi Year 2 – 10W Power Plant (30Whr Storage) 50% x cost / efficiency improvement Gasifier / Fuel Oil Versions Biochar / Fertilizer Model Franchisee Model Solar Demonstration Patent Portfolio CDM Application Year 3 – 20W Power Plant (250Whr Storage) Solar/Thermal Combination Electric Devices Distribution

  22. Device RoadMap Cost $37.5 bn for 300m stoves (1.5 m users)

  23. Electricity Cooking Universal Modern Energy Access Case Reducing the Cost of Electricity Access

  24. Globally - Who is resourced to Pay Carbon Fossil Fuel Sub Philanthropy Mobile/ICT (Capoor and Ambrosi, 2009)

  25. Today more people lack access to electricity than were alive when Edison invented modern electricity provisioning Access to energy/electricity is one of the key determinants of developing world growth Micro-Generation from Biomass is a viable low cost strategy for 1st level electricity/energy delivery to the BoP Trinity is determined to play a leading academic social and economic role in topical energy programme with our development partner(s), Irish Aid In Summary

  26. Tony Robinson/ Kempers et al PI/Lecturer in Thermodynamics/Test Chloe Kinsella / Sean ?Shane Gold Medal TCD Graduate - M.Sc. Student ESBi - Energy Trading Seamus O’Shaughnessy/Aonghus Heat & Mass Transfer Maurice Deasy MSc Student Igor Schvets / John Boland CRANN (Materials) Kevin O’Kelly et al Bioengineering Team (TCD)

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