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UNDP Sub-Regional Seminar on Drought Mitigation 28-29th August, 2001 -Tehran

UNDP Sub-Regional Seminar on Drought Mitigation 28-29th August, 2001 -Tehran. MANAGEMENT OF DROUGHT IN INDIA by Swami S.K. Director Natural Disaster Management Division Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India e-mail: skswami@krishi.delhi.nic.in web site: www.ndmindia.nic.in.

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UNDP Sub-Regional Seminar on Drought Mitigation 28-29th August, 2001 -Tehran

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  1. UNDP Sub-Regional Seminar on Drought Mitigation 28-29th August, 2001 -Tehran MANAGEMENT OF DROUGHT IN INDIA by Swami S.K. Director Natural Disaster Management Division Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India e-mail: skswami@krishi.delhi.nic.in web site: www.ndmindia.nic.in

  2. Country Profile • Population : 1027.0 Million • Rural Population: About 72% • Population growth (1991-2001) : 21.34 % • Area : 328.7 million hectares • Net Area Sown : 142.2 million hectares • Net Irrigated Area : 55.10 million hectares • States/UTs : 28 States (provinces) and 7 Union Territories

  3. Country’s Vulnerability to Drought • 33 per cent area receives rainfall less than 750mm -chronically drought prone • 35 per cent area receive rainfall between750-1125 mm- drought prone • Total 68 % area of the country prone to drought in varying degrees

  4. Rainfall distribution • India receives its annual rainfall in four spells: • Pre-Monsoon(March-May)----10.4 % • SouthWest Monsoon(Jun-Sept)--73.3% • NorthEast Monsoon(Oct-Dec)- 13.3% • Winter Rains (January-Feb.)-- 3.0 %

  5. Definition of Drought Many definitions of drought available • “actual moisture supply at a given place consistently falls short of the climatically expected moisture supply” • “ a period of dry weather of sufficient length and severity to cause at least partial crop failure “

  6. Definition of Drought Common accepted definition is: • “ a temporary reduction in water or moisture availability significantly below the normal or expected level for a specified period “ • “ a creeping situation of scarcity without recharging of resources “

  7. Drought Classification • Meteorological--significant decrease from normal precipitation over an area • Hydrological drought: marked depletion of surface water and fall in water tables • Agricultural Drought:soil moisture and rainfall inadequate to support crops

  8. Drought Proofing Programmes Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)-180 districts of 16 States (Rs. 19.0 billion) • Desert Development Programme (DDP) -40 districts of 7 States (Rs. 8.5 billion) • Watershed approach : a geo-hydrological approach for in situ soil and water conservation (Rs. 22.6 billion)

  9. Drought Management Critical parameters: • Availability of Drinking water • Sustenance of Economic activity • Availability of Food-reasonable price • Health and Nutrition-vulnerable sections • Conservation of Livestock

  10. Drought Management-India • Employment Generation Programmes • Food For Work Programme (FFWP) • Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) (Rs. 16.0 billion) • Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) (Rs. 16.5 billion) * • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) (Rs. 25.0 billion) • Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) (Rs. 5.0 billion) *

  11. Drought Management- India • Social Security Programme • Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) • National Old Age Programme (NOAP) • Annapurna Scheme (Rs. 3.0 billion) • Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) • Mid Day Meal - School children

  12. Extent of damage-Drought • Year States Population Cropped area affected Human Cattle affected (in million) (in million ha.) • 96-97 4 29.3 -- 0.5 • 97-98 3 9.8 3.1 6.8 • 98-99 3 25.6 32..6 3.4 • 99-00 11 37.1 34.6 13.4 • 00-01 8 146.3 69.3 21.1

  13. Drought Management-Good Practices • In place contingency action plan • Monitoring of Rainfall and likely drought scenario from the beginning by Natural Disaster Management Division • Timely declaration of drought and initiation of drought relief measures • Effective coordination between Centre and States-Central Teams

  14. Drought Management-Good Practices • Monitoring by Group of Ministers and the Prime Minister at political level • Constant Monitoring by Group of Secretaries under Cabinet Secretary • National Crop Forecasting Centre (NCFC) and Crop Weather Watch Group • Warning and forecasting by India Met Department (IMD)

  15. Drought Management-Good Practices • 1978 exploratory bore wells handed over by CGWB for augmenting water supply • Free transportation of drinking water by Railways-19009 wagons and Fodder -386 wagons • Guidelines relaxed under Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) • At least one source of drinking water earmarked in each habitat

  16. Drought Management-Good Practices • 2.2 million MT Foodgrains free of cost for Food for Work Programme • 440 million additional man-days generated for drought mitigation • Advance release of funds under drought mitigation related schemes • Expansion of social security schemes

  17. Drought Management-Good Practices • Special care of vulnerable sections like children, pregnant and lactating mothers, old and infirm • Opening of cattle camps and subsidised fodder • Association of NGOs and UN Agencies • Use of Information Technology- web sites e-mail for communication

  18. Management system Institutional mechanism • Natural Disaster’s management responsibility of State Governments • Union Government supplements the efforts of the State Governments by providing financial and logistic support • Set up at the National Level • Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) - Nodal Department

  19. Management system Institutional mechanism • National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary • Crisis Management Group under Central Relief Commissioner (CRC) in the DAC • Krishi Control Room- to monitor the situation regularly • Constitution of Ministerial-level Body for expeditious decision making

  20. Financial arrangements • Ready availability of funds with the State Governments in the form of Calamity Relief Fund(CRF) • State wise allocation in CRF based on the recommendations of the Finance Commissions-Rs. 21 .0 billion for 2001-02 • CRF sharing between Central and State Government in the ratio of 3:1

  21. Financial arrangements • Additional assistance provided in the wake of disaster of severe nature from National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF)-released Rs. 20.0 billion • Funds are also available from many on-going Plan Schemes of the Central and State Governments

  22. Community Participation • Community participation is key to effectiveness of Governments efforts • Gram Sabha/Panchayat recommend relief work • Districts & Block level committees involved in sanctioning and monitoring of relief works • NGOs play a significant role training and motivation

  23. External Assistance-Policy • No formal appeal is issued on behalf of the Government, directly or through any other agency, for assistance • Relief offered on voluntary basis accepted and acknowledged as a sign of international solidarity • Areas of assistance are Nutrition, Health, Community capacity, Water harvesting etc.

  24. Drought a Management Issue Country experience is that- • Drought can be prevented • Drought can be mitigated • Hardships can be minimised • Sufferings can be reduced If we at all levels work together Drought is not a Disaster but a Management Issue

  25. NAMASKAR THANK YOU

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