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14 May 2007, Senec

Europe and CIS. Millennium Development Goals: Inclusion of people with disabilities. 14 May 2007, Senec. Andrey Ivanov, Jacek Cukrowski. Europe and CIS. Background: What are the MDGs?. Europe and CIS. Governments’ commitments.

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14 May 2007, Senec

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  1. Europe and CIS Millennium Development Goals: Inclusion of people with disabilities 14 May 2007, Senec Andrey Ivanov, Jacek Cukrowski

  2. Europe and CIS Background:What are the MDGs?

  3. Europe and CIS Governments’ commitments • In September 2000 189 heads of states adopted the Millennium Declaration • Human Rights • Peace • Security • Good governance • Development concerns • Development objectives have been summarized in the set of Millennium Development Goals (MDG) • Quantitative goals, time-bound targets and numerical indicators • Basic idea: Time-bound and numerical targets can accelerate progress, based on premise they will trigger action and foster alliances

  4. Europe and CIS Global MDG agenda Goal 1: Halving extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieving universal primary education Goal 3: Promoting gender equality Goal 4: Reducing under-five mortality Goal 5: Reducing maternal mortality Goal 6: Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB Goal 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability Goal 8: Developing a global partnership for development 8 goals (few in number, stable over time, easy to communicate); 18 targets, 40+ indicators

  5. Europe and CIS MDGs and human development • Growth  Human development and poverty reduction • Human development and poverty reduction  Growth MDGs are an end in themselves but can also be a means to achieving higher growth

  6. Europe and CIS MDG progress in 1990s No reliable and comparable data 1990 2000 2015

  7. Europe and CIS Overview of individual goals and targets

  8. Europe and CIS Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Targets: • Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day • Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

  9. Poverty headcount in developing countries(below $1/day) 16%

  10. Millions of people below $1/day

  11. Most regions fail to reduce poverty (below $1/day) SSA SA EA LAC MENA

  12. Europe and CIS Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target: • Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

  13. Average primary net enrolment MDG target* * In fact MDG target is more than just net enrolment: it is completion of primary schooling.

  14. Europe and CIS Goal 3:Promote gender equality and empower women Target: • Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and to all levels of education no later than 2015

  15. Europe and CIS Goal 3:Promote gender equality and empower women Indicators: • Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education • Ratio of literate women to men ages 15 to 24 • Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

  16. Europe and CIS Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target: • Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

  17. Average under five mortality rate in developing countries MDG target

  18. Europe and CIS Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target: • Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

  19. Europe and CIS Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Targets: • Have halted by 2015, and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS • Have halted by 2015, and begun to reverse, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

  20. Europe and CIS Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Targets: • Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources • Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water • By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

  21. Europe and CIS Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Targets (7): • Non discriminatory trade • ODA for least developed countries • Special treatments for landlocked countries • Debt problems and debt relief • Work for youth • Cooperation with pharmaceutical companies (to provide access to essential drugs) • New technologies (information and communication)

  22. Declining ODA(% of combined GNP) 0.22

  23. Europe and CIS Some critical remarks

  24. Europe and CIS Critical remarks (1) • MDGs cover only part of the issues included to the Millennium Declaration • “Good governance” is not included to global MDG agenda • Targets and indicators cover only selected issues related to poverty, education, gender, health, etc. • Education: “achieve universal primary education” • Health: “reduce maternal mortality”

  25. Critical remarks (2) Europe and CIS • Goals and targets are over simplistic • They do not take into account differences among countries and cultures • Goals and targets not always reflect real development challenges of the countries • Is primary education an issue in CIS countries? • List of good wishes without reliable financial background • Top-down process • Donor driven agenda

  26. The challenges of achieving the MDGs • The projected rates of growth are insufficient to achieve MDG poverty reduction targets by 2015 • Higher rates of growth are needed (1.5-2 percentage points higher in CIS; 5 percentage points higher in SEE to reach MDG1) • Growth needs to be more pro-poor by creating more jobs (during the initial stage of the transition, high job destruction and low job creation resulted in growing unemployment and falling employment; the gap between job creation and job destruction was about 2% of labour force in Russia, 4 % in Romania) • Need to strengthen national ownership and civil society engagement of MDGs • Non–income MDGs, especially in health are unlikely to be met • Public investment needs to be strengthened to improve social infrastructure and services

  27. Europe and CIS Going beyond national averages

  28. Certain groups are particularly vulnerable Source: UNDP ‘Vulnerable Groups in SEE” survey

  29. Inequality within countries- Gini coefficient Source: TransMONEE 2007

  30. Pace of change should be even faster when vulnerable groups are concerned –displaced and MDGs • In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the National MDG report calls for reductions in youth (15-24 year-old) unemployment rates to 12 per cent by 2015. • Assuming linear progress towards this target based on observed progress, displaced persons in BiH would reach this 12 per cent target only in 2036. • Achieving the target by 2015 would require annual reductions in the unemployment rate for displaced youths three times larger than the national figure.

  31. Pace of change should be even faster when vulnerable groups are concerned- Roma and MDG 1 • In Croatia: • the National MDG report envisages to reduce the share of people at risk of poverty from 18.2% in 2002 to 9.1% • Assuming linear progress towards this target based on observed trend, the target would be reached for Roma in 2094. • Achieving the target by 2015 would require eight times faster poverty reduction than for the country as a whole • In Romania: • the National MDG report envisages halving (to 5.5%) the incidence of severe poverty • Assuming linear progress towards this target based on observed trend, the target would be reached for Roma in Romania in 2055 • Achieving the target by 2015 would require ten times faster pace of poverty reduction than for the country as a whole

  32. Pace of change should be even faster when vulnerable groups are concerned - Roma and MDG 2 • In Serbia: • the National MDG target envisages to reach 100% net enrolment ratio in primary education by 2015 • Assuming linear progress towards this target in the case of Roma it would be reached in 2165. • Achieving the target by 2015 for Roma would require fifteen times faster improvement in enrolment than for the country as a whole • In Macedonia: • the National MDG target envisages achieving full literacy by 2015 • Assuming linear progress towards this target it would be reached for Roma in 2062 • Achieving the target by 2015 would require five times faster improvement of literacy rates among Roma in Macedonia

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