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Questionnaire Surveys interviews

Questionnaire Surveys interviews. Obtaining data by asking people questions and recording their answers A standardised set of question is given to each respondent; they give their answers in writing

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Questionnaire Surveys interviews

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  1. Questionnaire Surveys interviews • Obtaining data by asking people questions and recording their answers • A standardised set of question is given to each respondent; they give their answers in writing • Gets you lots of data quickly and gives you an insight into people’s views, opinions and attitudes • But only if they answer accurately www.psychlotron.org.uk

  2. Types of Interview • Unstructured • Structured • Semi-structured

  3. Unstructured • Unstructured interviews are useful for investigating something that hasn’t been well studied before • They have open questions that can only be analysed qualitatively • They allow psychologists to discover themes that might not be immediately apparent when starting the investigation

  4. Structured • Structured interviews involve all participants being asked the same questions in the same order • They have fixed, pre-determined questions • This usually generates quantitative data

  5. Semi-structured interview • These ask the same questions of each participant. They are more open, allowing participants to expand on their answer and ‘go off at a tangent’ if a particular question sparks their interest

  6. Questionnaires vs Interviews • Questionnaires can be both structured and unstructured but tend to lend themselves to being highly structured • We tend to use questionnaire when we want quantitative data & • Interview when we want qualitative data • You can however, gather both qualitative & quantitative data by both methods

  7. Problems with Surveys • Social desirability bias – people give answers that make them ‘sound good’ rather than what they actually think • Honesty – people lie! • It’s impossible to control for personal interpretations of the questions

  8. Questionnaire Surveys • Decide which attitudes, behaviours or traits you want to measure • Decide whether you want qualitative or quantitative data • Decide which sorts of questions you will ask • Pilot and modify the questionnaire • Collect data www.psychlotron.org.uk

  9. Type of Data • Qualitative data • Rich in detail or description, usually in textual or narrative form • Quantitative data • Numerical data, measurements of quantity or amount www.psychlotron.org.uk

  10. Qualitative Rich in detail Allows for in-depth analysis BUT Difficult to analyse Difficult to compare people or groups Quantitative Easier to analyse (e.g. statistically) Easier to compare people or groups BUT Undetailed and potentially superficial Type of Data www.psychlotron.org.uk

  11. Types of Question • Open questions • Allow respondents to answer however they want • Generate qualitative data • Closed questions • Restrict respondent to a predetermined set of responses • Generate quantitative data www.psychlotron.org.uk

  12. Types of Closed Question • Straightforward response • Are you female or male? M F • What is your age in years? ____ years • Do you smoke? Yes No www.psychlotron.org.uk

  13. Types of Closed Question • Checklist • What is the highest academic qualification you hold? • GCSEs • A – Levels • Batchelor Degree • Post-graduate Degree www.psychlotron.org.uk

  14. Types of Closed Question • Adjectival/adverbial response • Does your anxiety affect your ability to do the following things? www.psychlotron.org.uk

  15. Types of Closed Question • Numerical (Likert) response scale • Psychology is the most interesting A-Level subject www.psychlotron.org.uk

  16. Types of Closed Question • Ranking scale • Rank the following activities according to how much time you spend on them each day (1 = most time, 4 = least time) • Talking face to face • Talking on the telephone • Text messaging • Other (e.g. MSN, IRC chat) www.psychlotron.org.uk

  17. Questionnaire Design • Keep it simple & clear • Keep it as short as possible • Keep it relevant to purpose • Collect personal information last • Ask for one piece of information at a time • Allow for ‘don’t know’ where appropriate • Be sensitive www.psychlotron.org.uk

  18. Test Questionnaire with a group of PPs Alter the problem q’aire items Obtain feedback from them Identify issues with the q’aire Pilot and Modify www.psychlotron.org.uk

  19. What have I learnt? • Write your answers on your mini whiteboards • What is social desirability bias? Answer: giving answers that make you sound good rather than what you really think

  20. What have I learnt? • What is qualitative data? Answer • Descriptive data

  21. What have I learnt? • What sort of questions does a structured interview have? Answer: They have fixed, pre-determined questions

  22. What I learnt? • What sort of data do you get from unstructured interview? Answer: qualitative

  23. What have I learnt • Give an example of a Likert scale Answer

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