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Linux Basic

Linux Basic. TA for ITIS3100: Xu Fei fxu@uncc.edu 2008-01. Agenda. Linux Basic What is Linux Linux Kernel Linux Family Map Linux distribution Example User Interfaces: GUI and CLI Linux Commands Basic Linux File System Directory Relationship File Permission

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Linux Basic

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  1. Linux Basic TA for ITIS3100: Xu Fei fxu@uncc.edu 2008-01

  2. Agenda • Linux Basic • What is Linux • Linux Kernel • Linux Family Map • Linux distribution Example • User Interfaces: GUI and CLI • Linux Commands Basic • Linux File System • Directory Relationship • File Permission • Usage of ls; cat/less/more; cp; mv; rm; mkdir; chmod; su; ps; kill; man

  3. What is Linux? • Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system. • free and open source • Linux is now packaged for different uses in Linux distributions Linus Torvalds, creator of theLinux kernel

  4. Kernel • In computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems (OS).

  5. Family Map

  6. Linux distribution Example

  7. User interfaces • Graphical user interfaces (GUI) accept input via devices such as computer keyboard and mouse and provide articulated graphical output on the computer monitor. • Command line interfaces, where the user provides the input by typing a command string with the computer keyboard and the system provides output by printing text on the computer monitor.

  8. GUI in Linux • Today, GNOME and KDE are the dominant solutions, and often installed by default on Linux systems.

  9. Debian Screenshot

  10. CLI in Linux

  11. Agenda • Linux Basic • What is Linux • Linux Kernel • Linux Family Map • Linux distribution Example • User Interfaces: GUI and CLI • Linux Commands Basic • Linux File System • Directory Relationship • File Permission • Usage of ls; cat/less/more; cp; mv; rm; mkdir; chmod; su; ps; kill; man

  12. Common Linux Command line Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands http://www.onlamp.com/linux/cmd/

  13. You're not logged in as root, are you? • Don't operate the computer as the root. • You should only become the root when absolutely necessary. • Create a user account for yourself now!

  14. File System Tree View

  15. Directory Relationship • Home Directory • Root Directory • Parent Directory • Working Directory (Current Directory)

  16. File Permission

  17. Explanation • r = read • w = write • x = execute • u = the owner user • g = the owner group • o = others (neither u, nor g) • chmod to change permission

  18. File types

  19. ls

  20. cat / less / more • user@debian:~$ cat testfile • user@debian:~$ less testfile • user@debian:~$ more testfile • What is the difference?

  21. cp

  22. mv

  23. rm

  24. mkdir • The mkdir command is used to create directories. • To use it, you simply type: • user@debian:~$ mkdir directory

  25. chmod • Here's how it works: • rwx rwx rwx = 111 111 111 • rw- rw- rw- = 110 110 110 • rwx --- --- = 111 000 000 • and so on... • rwx = 111 in binary = 7 • rw- = 110 in binary = 6 • r-x = 101 in binary = 5 • r-- = 100 in binary = 4 • user@debian:~$ chmod 600 testfile

  26. su (substitute user) • user@debian:~$ su • password: • debian:/home/user# exit • user@debian:~$ su - • password: • debian:~# exit • debian:~# su user • What is the difference between “su” and “su –”

  27. ps • ps displays the currently running processes. • Try: • user@debian:~$ ps -aux

  28. kill • kill is a command used to send simple messages to processes running on the system. By default, the message sent is the "termination" signal, which requests that the process exit. • user@debian:~$ kill PID • In computing, the process identifier (normally referred to as the process ID or just PID) is a number used by some operating system kernels to uniquely identify a process. • Use ps to get the PID

  29. Man (Manual page) • One of the easiest ways to find out how to use many commands and some applications is through the man command. • user@debian:~$ man command-name • If you are new to Linux, you might not find man pages as useful as someone who is more accustomed to their terse delivery of information. But man pages can provide information on how to use commands on your system. Even at this point, you can gain insight into your system by familiarizing yourself with the man pages. You will certainly want to know how to use them eventually. • Try xman at the shell prompt, man pages in a graphical presentation.

  30. Screenshot for “man man”

  31. Screenshot for “man ls”

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